Surface mesoderm in Xenopus : a revision of the stage 10 fate map

Minsuk, Sharon B.; Keller, Ray

doi:10.1007/s004270050128

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(55 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Albino embryos were labelled with active biotin essentially as previously described (Minsuk and Keller, 1997). Embryos were dejelleyed 30 min after fertilisation and placed in 10 mg/ml Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin (Pierce) in 0.1· MMR for 30 min.…”

Section: Biotin Labellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grainyhead-like 3, a transcription factor identified in a microarray screen, promotes the specification of the superficial layer of the embryonic epidermis

Chalmers

Lachani

Shin

et al. 2006

Mechanisms of Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Xenopus ectoderm consists of two populations of cells, superficial polarised epithelial cells and deep, non-epithelial cells. These two cell types differ in their developmental fate. In the neural ectoderm, primary neurons are derived only from the deep cells. In the epidermal ectoderm, superficial cells express high levels of differentiation markers, while most of the deep cells do not differentiate until later when they produce the stratified adult epidermis. However, few molecular differences are known between the deep and superficial cells. Here, we have undertaken a systematic approach to identify genes that show layer-restricted expression by microarray analysis of deep and superficial cells at the gastrula stage, followed by wholemount in situ hybridisation. We have identified 32 differentially expressed genes, of which 26 show higher expression in the superficial layer and 6 in the deep layer and describe their expression at the gastrula and neurula stage. One of the identified genes is the transcription factor Grhl3, which we found to be expressed in the superficial layer of the gastrula ectoderm and the neurula epidermis. By using markers identified in this work, we show that Grlh3 promotes superficial gene expression in the deep layer of the epidermis. Concomitantly, deep layer specific genes are switched off, showing that Grlh3 can promote deep cells to take on a superficial cell identity in the embryonic epidermis.

show abstract

Section: Biotin Labellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grainyhead-like 3, a transcription factor identified in a microarray screen, promotes the specification of the superficial layer of the embryonic epidermis

Chalmers

Lachani

Shin

et al. 2006

Mechanisms of Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6B; t ϭ 350 min). Work by Minsuk and Keller (1997) showed that the presence of these ingressing cells is highly variable between embryos and along the anteroposterior axis, with a greater proportion of them present toward the posterior end of the axis. Given this variable population of ingressing cells, it may be the case that they are involved in the gradual increase in the rate of somite rotation observed along the anteroposterior axis.…”

Section: Differences In Somite Morphogenesis Along the Anteroposteriomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell behaviors associated with somite segmentation and rotation in Xenopus laevis

Afonin

Gustin

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During vertebrate development the formation of somites is a critical step, as these structures will give rise to the vertebrae, muscle, and dermis. In Xenopus laevis, somitogenesis consists of the partitioning of the presomitic mesoderm into somites, which undergo a 90-degree rotation to become aligned parallel to the notochord. Using a membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein to visualize cell outlines, we examined the individual cell shape changes occurring during somitogenesis. We show that this process is the result of specific, coordinated cell behaviors beginning with the mediolateral elongation of cells in the anterior presomitic mesoderm and then the subsequent bending of these elongated cells to become oriented parallel with the notochord. By labeling a clonal population of paraxial mesoderm cells, we show that cells bend around their dorsoventral axis. Moreover, this cell bending correlates with an increase in the number of filopodial protrusions, which appear to be posteriorly directed toward the newly formed segmental boundary. By examining the formation of somites at various positions along the anteroposterior axis, we show that the general sequence of cell behaviors is the same; however, somite rotation in anterior somites is slower than in posterior somites. Lastly, this coordinated set of cell behaviors occurs in a dorsal-toventral progression within each somite such that cells in the dorsal aspect of the somite become aligned along the anteroposterior axis before cells in other regions of the same somite. Together, our data further define how these cell behaviors are temporally and spatially coordinated during somite segmentation and rotation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3268 -3279, 2006.

show abstract

“…Apart from their role in shielding the embryo from the exterior, superficial cells differ from deep cells in many other ways. Superficial and deep cells do not mix until later in development (Keller, 1978;Smith and Malacinski, 1983;Hartenstein, 1989;Minsuk and Keller, 1997) and they follow different cell fates, express different genes and have different roles in gastrulation (Keller, 1975;Minsuk and Keller, 1997;Keller, 1976;Shih and Keller, 1992;Keller et al, 1985;Glinka et al, 1996;Smith et al, 1995;Sive and Bradley, 1996;Deblandre et al, 1999). Thus, the formation of an outer epithelial cell layer and one or more, internal non-epithelial cell layers, and the developmental distinction between them, is one of the fundamental differentiations in the early embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A key feature of early vertebrate development is the formation of superficial, epithelial cells that overlie nonepithelial deep cells. In Xenopus, deep and superficial cells show a range of differences, including a different competence for primary neurogenesis. We show that the two cell populations are generated during the blastula stages by perpendicularly oriented divisions. These take place during several cell divisions, in a variable pattern, but at a percentage that varies little between embryos and from one division to the next. The orientation of division correlates with cell shape suggesting that simple geometric rules may control the orientation of division in this system. We show that dividing cells are molecularly polarised such that aPKC is localised to the external, apical, membrane. Membrane localised aPKC can be seen as early as the one-cell stage and during the blastula divisions, it is preferentially inherited by superficial cells. Finally, we show that when 64-cell stage isolated blastomeres divide perpendicularly and the daughters are cultured separately, only the progeny of the cells that inherit the apical membrane turn on the bHLH gene, ESR6e. We conclude that oriented cell divisions generate the superficial and deep cells and establish cell fate diversity between them.Movie available online

show abstract

Surface mesoderm in Xenopus : a revision of the stage 10 fate map

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Grainyhead-like 3, a transcription factor identified in a microarray screen, promotes the specification of the superficial layer of the embryonic epidermis

Grainyhead-like 3, a transcription factor identified in a microarray screen, promotes the specification of the superficial layer of the embryonic epidermis

Cell behaviors associated with somite segmentation and rotation in Xenopus laevis

Oriented cell divisions asymmetrically segregate aPKC and generate cell fate diversity in the early Xenopus embryo

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About