Surface melting enhanced by curvature effects

Kofman, R.; Cheyssac, P.; Aouaj, A.; Lereah, Y.; Deutscher, G.; Ben-David, T.; Pénisson, J.M.; Bourret, A.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(94)90635-1

Cited by 233 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The amorphous regions first appeared at highly curved regions of the surface, which confirms the curvature effect on melting of nanoparticles. 24) Rapid shrinkage only occurred during the melting process at the second stage of the PE curve. The two particles merged into one particle at point I, which is the melting point of the sintered structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Sintering and Surface Premelting of Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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Sintering of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is increasingly being used as a driving mechanism for joining in the microelectronics industry. We therefore performed molecular dynamics simulations based on the embedded atom method (EAM) to study pressureless sintering kinetics of two Ag NPs in the size range of (4 to 20 nm), and sintering of three and four Ag NPs of 4 nm diameter. We found that the sintering process passed through three main stages. The first was the neck formation followed by a rapid increase of the neck radius at 50 K for 20 nm particles and at 10 K for smaller NPs. The second was characterized by a gradual linear increase of the neck radius to particle radius ratio as the temperature of the sintered structure was increased to the surface premelting point. Different than previous sintering studies, a twin boundary was formed during the second stage that relaxed the sintered structure and decreased the average potential energy (PE). The third stage of sintering was a rapid shrinkage during surface premelting of the sintered structure. Based on pore geometry, densification occurred during the first stage for three 4 nm particles and during the second stage for four 4 nm particles. Sintering rates obtained by our simulation were higher than those obtained by theoretical models generally used for predicting sintering rates of microparticles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Sintering and Surface Premelting of Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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“…However due to the generality of the model the obtained results could also be applied to coated particles or particles embedded in a matrix where both premelting [12,33] and superheating [34,35] have been observed. For such systems the surface energies γ sv and γ lv should be replace by the interfacial energies, γ sm (solidcoat/matrix) and γ lm (liquid-coat/matrix).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantum-size effects occur when the number of surface atoms N s are comparable to the number of bulk atoms N. For a spherical particle with radius R we have from [12]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, [15,16,17] have studied surface melting of semiinfinite systems both experimentally and theoretically, and good agreement was found between experiments and the two-parabola Landau model. Surface melting of finite systems has been studied experimentally by means of electron transmission microscopy (TEM) [12,18,19] and X-ray techniques [20,21] however only few theoretical studies have been reported [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface and bulk melting of small metal clusters

Chang

Johnson

2005

Philosophical Magazine

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We present an analytical solution to the two-parabola Landau model, applied to melting of metal particles with sizes in the nanoscale range. The results provide an analytical understanding of the recently observed pseudo-crystalline phase of nanoscale Sn particles. Liquid skin formation as a precursor of melting is found to occur only for particles with radii, greater than an explicitly given critical radius. The size effect of the melting temperature and the latent heat has been calculated and quantitative agreement with experiments on Sn particles was found.

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“…In addition, the formation of a liquid skin on the solid core before melting becomes more important since the liquid layer thickness and the particle size are comparable. When the liquid skin appears, its thickness rises upon further warming until the solid core melts sharply at a particular temperature [4,5]. The inverse process of freezing occurs via nucleation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuous melting and thermal-history-dependent freezing in the confined Na-K eutectic alloy

et al. 2013

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23Na NMR studies of the Na-K eutectic alloy embedded into porous glass with 7 nm pores showed that melting of Na 2 K confined nanoparticles is a continuous process with smooth changes in the Knight shift of a narrow resonance line and nuclear spin relaxation between those in the crystalline and liquid states. The intermediate state which occurs upon melting is stable and more favorable than the liquid state. The inverse freezing transformation can be sharp as at a first order transition or continuous depending on the initial temperature of cooling. The results suggest revision of theoretical predictions for the melting and freezing transitions in confined geometry.

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Surface melting enhanced by curvature effects

Cited by 233 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Sintering and Surface Premelting of Silver Nanoparticles

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Sintering and Surface Premelting of Silver Nanoparticles

Surface and bulk melting of small metal clusters

Continuous melting and thermal-history-dependent freezing in the confined Na-K eutectic alloy

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