Surface mediated Ca-phosphate biomineralization and characterization of the historic lime mortar, Janjira Sea Fort, India

Singh, Rajdeo; Kuntikana, Ganaraj; Sable, Pandurang Damodar

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2020.02.004

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[34][35][36]. For the Janjira and Murud Sea forts in the Arabian Sea on the west coast of India, situated in proximity to Raigad fort, the formation of Ca-oxalate and Ca-phosphate films on the surfaces of the binding lime mortars has already been assigned to bacterial colonisation in saline conditions protecting the ancient lime works [37,38]. In south India's excavated monument of Salvankuppam (4-5th CE), previously submerged and now exposed by the 2004 December 26 tsunami, evidence of the formation of amorphous Ca-phosphate precipitate caused by bio-mineralization in saline conditions has been investigated [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Calcium Oxalate Patinas as Protective Layer on Basaltic Stone Surfaces of 17th Century Raigad Hill Fort, India

Singh

Yadav

2023

Heritage

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This work reports calcium oxalate film formation on basaltic stone surfaces of the 17th-century western India Raigad Hill Fort. Nine stone samples extracted from the exterior surfaces of different historical structures of the fort were investigated under FTIR, optical microscopy, XRD, and SEM-EDX. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed intense peaks for Ca-oxalate patinas on basaltic stone surfaces. Observation under optical microscopy clearly showed milky white oxalate films, and peaks for crystalline calcium oxalate, including rock silicates, were prominently observed through XRD investigations. The surface morphology, the origin of the oxalate film, and the state of conservation of the basalt rock were investigated through SEM-EDX. The massive structures at Raigad, at a height of about 800 m, have hardly been chemically cleaned or coated with preservatives in the past. The presence of organic filaments in SEM photomicrographs indicated the biological origin of the oxalate patina due to the thick growth of microbiota on the monument stone during very heavy monsoons. The oxalic acid secreted by microbes dislodged the Ca-rich plagioclase of the stone, ensuring Ca-ions’ availability for film formation. The optical and mineralogical analyses suggest that the film is not the result of simple deposition but of the surface transformation of basaltic stone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Calcium Oxalate Patinas as Protective Layer on Basaltic Stone Surfaces of 17th Century Raigad Hill Fort, India

Singh

Yadav

2023

Heritage

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“…The morphology of the lime mortar matrix overall shows the formation of constituents that are primarily responsible for the achievement of strength and the dense packing of calcite materials through the carbonation of lime with carbon dioxide in the air [23]. Figure 12(b) depicts the presence of calcium oxalate crystals that resemble envelope-shaped crystals in lime mortar, which leads to the formation of whewellite, a stable hardened form of lime that has made the mortar impermeable over time [48,49].…”

Section: Porsosity Of the Mortar (Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 13 shows that the strong peaks at around 400 cm −1 denote the presence of hydroxyapatite [49]. This mineral is mostly present in animal teeth and bones, which makes them stronger.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revamp of masonry structures using bio-additive infused air lime mortar as an applicator

Manoharan¹,

Umarani²,

Renuka³

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Lime masonry walls have been the initial type of masonry wall construction in the construction era. The minimally processed limestone extracted from the lime quarries gives a lesser carbon footprint than any other present-day construction material, making it a sustainable construction material in the construction industry and is the need of the hour. In this study, naturally fermented Bio-Additives, Jaggery and kadukkai were used to make lime mortar for the masonry prisms and walls, and the strength performance was investigated. The bio-additive and the lime powder combination were studied using a pH meter and pH strips to confirm their acidic/basic nature. The lime mortar was experimented with for its flexural strength using a beam specimen. The masonry prism study was initially made with stacked prisms and wall panels (English bond and Flemish bond) for testing compressive strength. The lime mortar thicknesses were varied into two for all the specimens of 10mm and 15mm for both the head and bed joints of the masonry. The experimental analysis revealed that a mortar thickness of 10mm masonry increased the wall's strength more than a mortar of 15mm thickness in the masonry, disproving the myth that higher mortar thickness in masonry increases the strength of the masonry. The mineralogical characterization of the mortar was carried out by SEM-EDAX to know the internal composition and morphological reactions, FTIR for the changes in the organic composition, and DSC-TGA to know the thermal properties of the mortar matrix. This study justifies the use of bio-additives-infused lime mortar for contemporary masonry projects.

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Composition and characterisation of ancient lime mortar of Gopal Krishna temple, Alandi, India

Singh,

Sabale

2023

Indian J Hist. Sci.

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Surface mediated Ca-phosphate biomineralization and characterization of the historic lime mortar, Janjira Sea Fort, India

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Formation of Calcium Oxalate Patinas as Protective Layer on Basaltic Stone Surfaces of 17th Century Raigad Hill Fort, India

Formation of Calcium Oxalate Patinas as Protective Layer on Basaltic Stone Surfaces of 17th Century Raigad Hill Fort, India

Revamp of masonry structures using bio-additive infused air lime mortar as an applicator

Composition and characterisation of ancient lime mortar of Gopal Krishna temple, Alandi, India

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