Surface lubrication influence on electrode degradation during resistance spot welding of hot dip galvanized steel sheets

Spitz, Michael; Fleischanderl, Martin; Sierlinger, Robert; Reischauer, M.; Perndorfer, F.; Fafilek, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.09.011

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An experimental analysis was performed to highlight the required considerations for a suitable simulation. Spitz et al [9] presented the details pertaining to material uptake mechanism of a resistance spot welding electrode for two selected surface conditions of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, i.e., lubricated and nonlubricated. They illustrated that the evolution of material deposition varies according to the different surface states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the influence of process parameters on the AISI 316L resistance spot-welded specimens

Jagadeesha

Jothi

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a popular welding process employed for joining sheet metals typically in automobile and aerospace industries. RSW is conventional but not obsolete as it addresses the desirable characteristics of energy efficiency, narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ), simplicity, and automation that make it the first choice of manufacturers. In recent days, there is a perpetual demand for spot welding owing to its suitability for joining components especially in biomedical applications. Austenitic stainless steel of grade AISI 316L, a biocompatible material with extraordinary features and global suitability, caters to several industrial dimensions. In this research paper, an attempt is made to experimentally investigate the quality of the weld prepared by resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steel type 316L of equal thickness (2.0+2.0 mm). Experimental trials based on design of experiments (DOE) are conducted by varying the process parameters such as electrode tip diameter, welding current, and heating time and subsequently measure the nugget size and shape which governs the strength and bond integrity of the resistance spot welds. Subsequently, a coupled structural-thermo-electric analysis is performed to analyse the transient temperature field for predicting the nugget formation during RSW of 316L stainless sheet using a 2D axisymmetric finite element (FE) model. FE-based model of RSW process is developed using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) module available in FE package, ANSYS. Thermo-physical interactions like heat transfer through the Joule effect, the effect of latent heat of fusion, and the thermal and electrical contact conductance are considered while developing the FE-based model. A good coherence is achieved between numerical predictions of nugget shape and experimental spot-welded results. Finally, the welded specimens are subjected to destructive testing and metallurgical characterizations to evaluate its strength and quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the influence of process parameters on the AISI 316L resistance spot-welded specimens

Jagadeesha

Jothi

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…In electronics industries, the hot-dipped tinning process has gained wide applications ranging from electronic connectors, lead frames, and integrated circuit plates to current collectors [11]. The use of tin was found to greatly improve the oxidation resistance, conductivity, and wear-resisting properties of substrates [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Surface and Interface Properties of Low Carbon Steel by Hybrid ZnO and NiO Nanoparticles Reinforced Tin Coating

et al. 2022

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Tin matrix nanocomposite coatings containing ZnO and NiO nanoparticles, both individually and combined, were deposited on low carbon steel substrates. The aim was to investigate the effect of reinforcement of nanoparticles on microstructural morphology and thickness of tin coatings, modification in the interfacial layer between coating and substrate, and the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel substrate. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were employed for microstructural observation, while potentiostat-galvanostat was utilized for electrochemical investigation. It was found that the tin nanocomposite coatings with nanoparticles significantly modified the coating thickness, intermetallic layer thickness, and surface corrosion resistance. Coatings through the direct tinning process are considered to be a simple and low-cost route for protecting metallic materials from corrosion, and the presence of ZnO and NiO nanoparticles in tin coatings further increases the corrosion resistance of low carbon steels.

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“…Lin et al have reported that as the zinc layer thickness is increased, the weldability current range is shifted to the higher values [1]. Electrode degradation is another serious challenge associated with the welding of coated steels; it takes place more quickly as well [1][2][3][4][5]. It should be, however, mentioned that this problem is not limited to the coated steels as it has also been reported for other alloys such as aluminium [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial electrode life enhancement in resistance spot welding of galvanised steels through nanolayered multi-layer CrN/(Cr,Al)N coating

Malmir

Sheikhi

Mazaheri

et al. 2021

Surface Engineering

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The short electrode life is one of the most important problems associated with resistance spot welding of galvanised steel sheets. In this study, a nanolayered multi-layer CrN/(Cr,Al)N coating was deposited on the tip of the electrode by applying the cathodic arc physical vapour deposition process with the layer thickness of about 30 nm and an overall thickness of 1.1 µm. The electrode life test confirmed that the coating could extend the electrode life up to 125%. The coated electrode showed a significantly lower growth rate (∼0.3 µm per weld), in comparison to the un-coated one (∼1 µm per weld). The degradation of the electrode could be subdivided into two subsequent steps: the degradation of the electrode periphery and the degradation of the electrode tip. The CrN/(Cr,Al)N coating could effectively protect the electrode tip periphery from zinc adhesion and postpone the first stage electrode degradation which delayed the second one.

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Surface lubrication influence on electrode degradation during resistance spot welding of hot dip galvanized steel sheets

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Studies on the influence of process parameters on the AISI 316L resistance spot-welded specimens

Studies on the influence of process parameters on the AISI 316L resistance spot-welded specimens

Enhancement of Surface and Interface Properties of Low Carbon Steel by Hybrid ZnO and NiO Nanoparticles Reinforced Tin Coating

Substantial electrode life enhancement in resistance spot welding of galvanised steels through nanolayered multi-layer CrN/(Cr,Al)N coating

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