Surface grafting of poly(pentafluorostyrene) on the iron and iron oxide particles via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization

Abstract

A surface grafting technique is reported for synthesis of poly(pentafluorostyrene) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer onto iron (iron oxide) particles. 4-Methoxydithiobenzoate is used for the RAFT chain transfer agent. The molecular weight, surface morphology, thickness, thermal properties, and monomer conversion of the grafted polymer are reported. The grafted poly(pentafluorostyrene)-iron particles show a higher thermal transition temperature compared to the nongrafted polymer because it is speculated that the covalent bond between the polymer backbone and the surface of the iron particles restricts the molecular mobility. The monomer conversion increases in proportion to the amount of chain transfer agent (CTA) concentration at early polymerization time. The grafted poly(pentafluorostyrene) shows a "hairy" like polymer architecture with fibril thickness in the range of 80 to 100 nm. A thin coating is expected to maintain the magnetic saturation properties of iron particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that poly(pentafluorostyrene) has been grafted onto the iron particles utilizing RAFT and 4methoxydithiobenzoate as a CTA.

Fluorinated Polymer Brush-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles: Robust and Durable Self-Cleaning Coating Materials

“…Comparing the remaining weight % of SiNP-CPDB with that of pPFS- g -SiNP samples (P1 to P5) at 700 °C, it is found that the amount of FPB grafting increases gradually with the increase in chain length from P1 to P5, which is in good correlation with the trend seen in the case of GPC data. A major weight loss at ∼410 °C is observed in the TGA curve of P1 to P5, which attributes to the degrafting of the pPFS anchors from the SiNP surface via decomposition of the pPFS backbone, and this is in accordance with the literature report. ,, Almost a similar pattern can be noticed for pPFPA- g -SiNP polymers (P6–P10) where the major weight loss occurred at ∼310 °C, and this weight loss is more prominent for polymers with higher chain lengths gradually from P6 to P10 attributing to the degradation of the pPFPA polymer backbone. It has also been noted that with the increase in monomer feed ratio, the polymer chain grafting density (σ) also increases gradually from P1 to P5 and P6 to P10 (Table ).…”

New Avenue for Limiting Degradation in NanoLi4Ti5O12 for Ultrafast-Charge Lithium-Ion Batteries: Hybrid Polymer–Inorganic Particles

“…We divide this approach into two well-known methods such as “grafting from” and “grafting to”. The method of “grafting from” was widely used to decorate the surface of silica wafers or nanoparticles. ,, This method allows good control of the grafting density but needs strict reaction conditions and modification of the surface before polymerization. , Although, most of the publications report on the use of controlled radical polymerization to produce the desirable properties of the shell, these methods are difficult to scale up for industrial applications. ,, …”

“…20,21 Although, most of the publications report on the use of controlled radical polymerization to produce the desirable properties of the shell, these methods are difficult to scale up for industrial applications. 15,22,23 SiO 2 nanoparticles grafted with poly(ethylene oxide) chains were successfully used as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in the Li-metal−polymer battery. This material exhibited a remarkable ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 60 °C.…”

Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications

“…To date, over hundreds of reviews have been published involving in RAFT polymerization, covering a tremendous amount of polymer synthesis and applications, in terms of architectures (block, star, hyperbranched, cross-linked) [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], surface-grafted (inorganic nanocomposites, 2D graphene) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] and functionalities (stimuli-responsive, biodegradable) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In these studies, optoelectronic functional materials by RAFT polymerization have been widely investigated for their wide application prospect.…”