Surface‐grafting of ground rubber tire by poly acrylic acid via self‐initiated free radical polymerization and composites with epoxy thereof

Abstract

Commercially available recycled ground rubber tire (GRT) particles, found to contain persistent mechano‐free radicals confirmed by electron paramagnetic spectroscopy for the first time self‐initiates free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA). The poly acrylic acid (PAA) grafted GRT (PAA‐g‐GRT) was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Epoxy composites using the PAA‐g‐GRT as filler were prepared and their mechanical properties were studied. The PAA‐g‐GRT/epoxy composite showed higher mechanical properties with an increase of modulus up to 180% as compared with the neat GRT/epoxy composite. Surface morphology of GRT, neat GRT/epoxy, and PAA‐g‐GRT/epoxy composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. This technology introduces a new concept to functional and reactive recycling and the cost effective utilization of renewable resource green materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Effect of dicumyl peroxide and phenolic resin as a mixed curing system on the mechanical properties and morphology of TPVs based on HDPE/ground tire rubber

“…Moreover, there are some physical methods and chemical approaches used to modify the GTR. Some chemical methods such as the surface modification, oxidation or chlorination of GTR particles' surface are necessary in order to obtain a good adhesion with the polymer matrix and GTR powders and then improve mechanical properties of the blends according to literatures . Another possible method for compatibilization is the surface treatment of GTR particles using various physical methods such as like UV, electron‐beam, gamma ray etc.…”

Review on the Conceptual Design of Self-Healable Nitrile Rubber Composites

“…In this study, the surface of ground tire rubber (GTR) was modified with poly(acrylic acid) through a free radical polymerization reaction. 18 Figure 4 represents the formation of the ionically cross-linked XNBR/6ZnO/MGTR compound via interaction between ionic groups. This type of ionic interaction is dynamic in nature, which can make the cross-linked XNBR into a self-healable material.…”

“…In order to improve healing efficiency, surface-modified ground tire rubber (MGTR) was added to the XNBR/6ZnO compound. In this study, the surface of ground tire rubber (GTR) was modified with poly­(acrylic acid) through a free radical polymerization reaction Figure represents the formation of the ionically cross-linked XNBR/6ZnO/MGTR compound via interaction between ionic groups.…”

An effective and sustainable approach for achieving self-healing in nitrile rubber

“…GTR was further pulverized under cryogenic conditions using a Cryomill (Retsch), following an optimal grinding protocol previously reported by the authors and achieving an average particle size of ~100 µm [26,28] (step 1, Figure 1). Surface grafting of GTR was done following the procedure schematically presented in Figure 1 and reported elsewhere [29]. AA (30 ml) and cryogenically ground GTR (5 g) were mixed and purged with nitrogen gas for 15 min (step 2).…”