Surface-Grafted Polymer Gradients: Formation, Characterization, and Applications

Grafting of poly(methyl vinyl ketone) onto aluminum surface

“…The "grafting from" method [7] was used to grow the poly-(methyl vinyl ketone) (PMVK) chains from a monomer solution at activated sites of double bonds created by silanization (siloxyvinyl) treatment (Al-V). Thus, a silane-coated Al disk was dipped in a solution (20 mL) of benzoyl peroxide in toluene (0.45 g, 5 mol%) and heated to 80 • C under nitrogen atmosphere.…”

“…Grafting can be done following such methods as "grafted onto" or "grafted from" [7]. In the first case, the preformed polymer is attached to the surface by a functional group using chemical binding.…”

Facile preparation of poly(ethyl α-cyanoacrylate) superhydrophobic and gradient wetting surfaces

“…The asprepared microparticles constructed the rough surfaces and endowed them with diverse wettability. In addition, being prepared with gradient roughness, PECA surface could display gradient wetting behavior, which leads to potential applications in bimolecular interaction investigations, cell-motility studies, diagnostics and so on [5,[37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…Superhydrophobic surfaces, which exhibit apparent water contact angle above 150°, especially draw the most attention due to their fascinating self-cleaning property. It is well known that the wetting behavior of a solid surface is governed by both surface roughness and chemical composition [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Increasing surface roughness can effectively enhance the surface wettability.…”

Modification of polystyrene surface in aqueous solutions

“…In general, hydrophobic polymers are grafted with hydrophilic moieties or initiators at the end of chains to facilitate swelling and hydrolytic degradation [40][41][42]. These types of grafted hydrophobic polymers are of great interest for application as smart drug carriers and to generate biocompatible surface chemical gradients [43,44]. PS is one of the hydrophobic polymers that have been investigated extensively as a biomaterial due to its non-immunogenic properties and low cytotoxicity [26,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”