Surface glycosaminoglycans mediate adherence between HeLa cells and Lactobacillus salivarius Lv72

Abstract

BackgroundThe adhesion of lactobacilli to the vaginal surface is of paramount importance to develop their probiotic functions. For this reason, the role of HeLa cell surface proteoglycans in the attachment of Lactobacillus salivarius Lv72, a mutualistic strain of vaginal origin, was investigated.ResultsIncubation of cultures with a variety of glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate A and C, heparin and heparan sulfate) resulted in marked binding interference. However, no single glycosaminoglycan was able to completely abolish cell binding, the sum of all having an additive effect that suggests cooperation between them and recognition of specific adhesins on the bacterial surface. In contrast, chondroitin sulfate B enhanced cell to cell attachment, showing the relevance of the stereochemistry of the uronic acid and the sulfation pattern on binding. Elimination of the HeLa surface glycosaminoglycans with lyases also resulted in severe adherence impairment. Advantage was taken of the Lactobacillus-glycosaminoglycans interaction to identify an adhesin from the bacterial surface. This protein, identify as a soluble binding protein of an ABC transporter system (OppA) by MALDI-TOF/(MS), was overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified and shown to interfere with L. salivarius Lv72 adhesion to HeLa cells.ConclusionsThese data suggest that glycosaminoglycans play a fundamental role in attachment of mutualistic bacteria to the epithelium that lines the cavities where the normal microbiota thrives, OppA being a bacterial adhesin involved in the process.

Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 Displays In vitro Inhibitory Activities against Candida spp.

“…This was expected as bacterial adhesion to cellular surfaces is multifactorial and involves different specific and non-specific interactions between bacterial and cell surface components. Non-specific mechanisms involve electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, whereas the specific mechanisms are related to surface molecules, such as outer membrane proteins (Frece et al, 2005; Chen et al, 2007; Johnson-Henry et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2013; Meng et al, 2014), exopolysaccharides (EPSs, Lebeer et al, 2011), lipoteichoic acids (Granato et al, 1999), peptidoglycans (Van Tassell and Miller, 2011), glycosaminoglycans (Martin et al, 2013), flagella, and fimbriae (Singh et al, 2013). This complex scenario results in species-specific adhesion (Deepika and Charalampopoulos, 2010; Messaoudi et al, 2012; Verdenelli et al, 2014) and may be related to the differences observed in the present study.…”

A New Era of the Vaginal Microbiome: Advances Using Next‐Generation Sequencing

“…Lactobacillus species are commonly lysogenized with temperate bacteriophages, and it has been hypothesized that induction of the lytic cycle may trigger a transition to a less-healthy microbiome profile [101]. Moreover, Martin et al [102] suggested that production of H 2 O 2 may select for lactobacilli strains harboring defective prophages. These strains would thus be more stable reducing the likelihood of a transition to the abnormal vaginal microbiome state.…”

Genetic Signatures of Dairy Lactobacillus casei Group

“…The absence of two genes in four out of seven NDs were instead highlighted in comparison to D strains, which preferentially exhibited ugl and hepC genes responsible of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) hydrolysis (i.e., chondroitin and heparin-sulfate). GAGs can interfere with cell-cell adhesion, as it was pointed out by Martín et al working on HeLa cells and a Lactobacillus salivarius strain (Martín et al, 2013 ).…”