Surface Functionalization of Polypropylene Film via UV‐Induced Photografting of N‐Vinylpyrrolidone/Maleic Anhydride Binary Monomers

Abstract

Summary: A polymeric surface with desirable wettability and versatile reactivity was facilely fabricated by UV‐induced surface photografting of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)/maleic anhydride (MAn) binary monomers, with polypropylene (PP) film as a model substrate. It was found that the photografting process of NVP/MAn is much faster than that of individual NVP or MAn; both the grafting efficiency (Eg) and grafting yield (Yg) reach a maximum at around 1:1 molar feed ratio of NVP to MAn. These results indicate that the electron donor‐acceptor monomers can synergistically promote surface photografting by a known charge‐transfer‐complex (CTC) mechanism. Moreover, the grafted NVP and MAn units cooperatively enhance the surface hydrophilicity; the water contact angle of the modified surface drastically decreases from the original 99.4° to less than 36° within 30 s of irradiation time. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the surface‐grafted succinic anhydride groups could readily perform a variety of organic reactions such as acidic/alkaline hydrolysis and esterification, which is expected to facilitate further surface functionalizations. Besides, the complexing reaction of surface pyrrolidone groups with iodine was investigated, which was followed by UV‐vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans show that this unique iodine‐complexated surface has desirable antimicrobial property.Surface photografting of NVP/MAn and post reactions of surface‐grafted anhydride groups and pyrrolidone groups.imageSurface photografting of NVP/MAn and post reactions of surface‐grafted anhydride groups and pyrrolidone groups.

Surface functionalization of PHBV by HEMA grafting via UV treatment: Comparison with thermal free radical polymerization

“…23 Several methods for ''photografting-from'' are now well known, such as the use of benzophenone (BP) as photoinitiator, which after UV exposition and hydrogen abstraction create initiator radicals on the base polymer for heterogeneous graft polymerization. [24][25][26] Several possibilities were described in the literature: using a BPmonomer mixture, preadsorption of BP onto the polymer surface [27][28][29] or solvent free photografting technique. 30,31 All these processes have been established as a very selective and efficient approach, but generally no pre-functionalization has been achieved and the grafting was achieved in one step.…”

Adhesion of grafted polypropylene plates with enzymatically modified chitosan solutions and analysis of failed surfaces by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

“…Surface properties modified by a variety of grafting techniques are durably stable, whereas surface properties hydrophilically modified with nonpolymerizable plasmas 13,14 or by UV irradiation 15 gradually regressed mainly because of the gradual overturn or migration of oxygen-containing functional groups generated into the bulk inside. 20,21 Next, our focus was turned on the polymeric component in adhesives. In particular, photografting of hydrophilic monomers is an effective procedure to modify the adhesive strength of polyolefin materials as mentioned above.…”

“…So far, insofar as the photografting technique, few articles have been reported on surface modification of PP plates compared with surface modification of the LDPE and HDPE plates mainly because of their higher crystallinity and stability. 20,21 Next, our focus was turned on the polymeric component in adhesives. As most of the main components of commercially available adhesives are insoluble or poorly soluble in water except for poly(vinyl alcohol), these components are dissolved in volatile organic solvents.…”

Adhesion of polyethylene plates photografted with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid with enzymatically modified chitosan solutions and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of failed surfaces

“…To solve this problem, various chemical techniques have been developed to make their surfaces hydrophilic 1–7. Among them, photografting is one of the most effective techniques for producing modified surfaces 8–11. The grafted layers formed on the surfaces possess a high water absorptivity in addition to the fact that the wettability is modified when hydrophilic monomers, such as methacrylic acid (MAA),9, 10 acrylic acid (AA),9, 10 methacrylamide (MAAm),12 and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate,10 are photografted onto low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) plates.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Among them, photografting is one of the most effective techniques for producing modified surfaces. [8][9][10][11] The grafted layers formed on the surfaces possess a high water absorptivity in addition to the fact that the wettability is modified when hydrophilic monomers, such as methacrylic acid (MAA), 9,10 acrylic acid (AA), 9,10 methacrylamide (MAAm), 12 and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, 10 are photografted onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plates. The mobility and reactiv-ity of grafted polymer chains in the water-swollen state is also of great importance in the enhancement of the adhesiveness.…”