Surface functionalisation of nanodiamonds for human neural stem cell adhesion and proliferation

Abstract

Biological systems interact with nanostructured materials on a sub–cellular level. These interactions may govern cell behaviour and the precise control of a nanomaterial's structure and surface chemistry allow for a high degree of tunability to be achieved. Cells are surrounded by an extra–cellular matrix with nano–topographical properties. Diamond based materials, and specifically nanostructured diamond has attracted much attention due to its extreme electrical and mechanical properties, chemical inertness and biocompatibility. Here the interaction of nanodiamond monolayers with human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs) has been investigated. The effect of altering surface functionalisation of nanodiamonds on hNSC adhesion and proliferation has shown that confluent cellular attachment occurs on oxygen terminated nanodiamonds (O–NDs), but not on hydrogen terminated nanodiamonds (H–NDs). Analysis of H and O–NDs by Atomic Force Microscopy, contact angle measurements and protein adsorption suggests that differences in topography, wettability, surface charge and protein adsorption of these surfaces may underlie the difference in cellular adhesion of hNSCs reported here.

Single‐Step Approach to Tailor Surface Chemistry and Potential on Electrospun PCL Fibers for Tissue Engineering Application

“…Cells on electrospun fibers usually migrate inside the scaffolds which make them very difficult to image and adjust the right depth of field. Additionally, the wetting properties of PCL fibers also show higher hydrophobicity than PS surface, making easier attachment of cells during the culture to the flat control, as it was also observed in previous studies . Often observed charge accumulation on the edges, enhanced cells attachment and proliferation, and also increased cells density, as it was also observed for PCL scaffolds, see Figure .…”

Immobilization of Detonation Nanodiamonds on Macroscopic Surfaces

“…In contrast, ND exposure significantly reduced the expression of several genes that play key roles in inflammation and related bone loss, including tumour necrosis factor and platelet derived growth factor [33]. Oxygen-terminated NDs immobilized on glass have shown a confluent cellular attachment of human neural stem cells, and enhanced cell adhesion compared to bare glass [34]. Monolayers of NDs universally promote murine hippocampal neuronal adhesion, wherein smaller-sized NDs promote greater neurite extension [35].…”

Controlling the Outgrowth and Functions of Neural Stem Cells: The Effect of Surface Topography

“…Human NSCs on monolayers of oxygen‐terminated nanodiamonds, exhibiting a roughness of R q : 3.84 nm, showed a good cell attachment, which was comparable to that on TCPS with the same roughness (R q : 3.74 nm) . However, the more hydrophobic H‐terminated nanodiamonds could not support cell attachment.…”