Surface free energy (γsd) of active carbons determined by inverse gas chromatography: influences of the origin of precursors, the burn off level and the chemical modification

An IGC Study of the Role of Washing Procedures on the Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbons

“…The increase in both the surface area and pore volume was more pronounced for the washed GF-40 carbon. As suggested in the literature (Cossarutto et al 2001), this may have been due to the elimination of phosphorus residues resulting from H 3 PO 4 activation from the sample. In the case of the steam-activated carbon, although both acid and basic washing led to a slight increase in the micropore and mesopore volumes, the combined treatment produced the most important effect, i.e.…”

“…Although these parameters are of great importance, the magnitude of the adsorption energy is also of interest. Various methods have been developed for such studies such as high-resolution argon adsorption (Villiéras et al 1997), immersion calorimetry (López-Ramos et al 2000;Szymanski et al 2002) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) (Cossarutto et al 2001;Herry et al 2001). Gas/solid chromatography has also been used for many years for studying adsorption processes and catalytic reactions.…”

“…This technique is referred to as IGC if the goal of such measurements is the characterization of the stationary phase rather than the separation of solutes in the mobile phase. IGC has been widely used for the characterization of catalyst and adsorbents (Díaz et al 2004), graphite, carbon blacks, fullerene, activated carbons and carbon fibres (Cossarutto et al 2001;Herry et al 2001;MontesMorán et al 2002;Díaz et al 2005a). However, the use of this technique for the study of microporous materials has been criticized in the literature (Thielmann 2004).…”

“…In microporous materials, transport of the solutes through the porous structure could delay the attainment of such equilibria, thereby making this hypothesis more difficult to satisfy. Recently, IGC has been compared with microcalorimetry in the characterization of zeolites (microporous materials) and the conclusion reached that IGC is a powerful technique for the characterization of porous adsorbents, even in the case of microporous adsorbents (Díaz et al 2005b).…”

Surface Characterization of a Novel D-π-D Type Ligand by IGC at Infinite Dilution

“…Using flow microcalorimetry and contact angle measurements for determination of surface free energy of substance are not easily and applicable. Recently, some research groups have used IGC which is inexpensive, widely available, well suited for routine laboratory applications and a very efficient and versatile method to determine surface properties of various materials such as natural materials [8,9], cements [10,11], polymers [12][13][14], carbons [15][16][17], and inorganic oxides [18][19][20].…”