Surface Free Energy, Interaction, and Adsorption of Calcium and Phosphate to Enamel Treated with Trimetaphosphate and Glycerophosphate

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the surface (γ s ) and interaction (ΔG iwi ) free energy and calcium (Ca 2+ ) and phosphate (PO 4 3− ) adsorption to dental enamel treated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) that had or had not been exposed to CaPO 4 -containing solutions. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 192; 24 blocks/group) were treated (2 mL/block; 2 min) with TMP (0%, 1%, 3%, and 9%) and CaGP (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%) or exposed to a CaPO 4 -containing solution. The adsorption of these compounds by enamel was assessed before and after treatment. γ s and ΔG iwi and their apolar (γ s LW and ΔG iwi LW ) and polar (γ s AB and ΔG iwi AB ) components and acid-base interactions (γ s + /γ s − ) were determined by the contact angles. The data were subjected to ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). The adsorption of TMP was dose dependent (p < 0.001), and it reduced γ s and γ s AB and increased ΔG iwi AB (ΔG iwi > 0) and γ s − when compared with the group without TMP (p < 0.001). The immersion in CaPO 4 -containing solu-tion increased γ s and γ s AB and reduced ΔG iwi AB (ΔG iwi > 0) and γ s − (p < 0.001). There was a correlation between the adsorption of TMP and Ca 2+ (r = 0.916; p < 0.001) and PO 4 3− (r = 0.899; p < 0.001). The adsorption of CaGP on the enamel was dose dependent (p < 0.001), reducing γ s , ΔG iwi AB (ΔG iwi < 0), γ s LW , and γ s − when compared to the group without CaGP (p < 0.001). When exposed to the CaPO 4 -containing solution, there was an increase in ΔG iwi AB (ΔG iwi > 0), γ s LW , and γ s − and a decrease in γ s AB (p < 0.001) without adsorption of Ca 2+ by enamel. It may be concluded that TMP and CaGP were adsorbed onto the enamel, producing hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. TMP produces electron donor sites that induce Ca 2+ adsorption, while CaGP releases Ca 2+ into the medium.

Effect of Exo/Endogenous Prophylaxis Dentifrice/Drug and Cariogenic Conditions of Patient on Molecular Property of Dental Biofilm: Synchrotron FTIR Spectroscopic Study

“…In stage II of the experiment (the next day), participants used a toothpaste with calcium glycerophosphate to clean their teeth [ 36 , 37 ]. Thirty minutes after oral hygiene and rinsing with clean water, biofilm was collected from the two groups of study participants for a second time.…”

“…The next day, after a meal, participants began taking tablets containing a mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate [ 36 , 37 ]. Participants took one tablet, three times per day.…”

Calcium Trimetaphosphate-Loaded Electrospun Poly(Ester Urea) Nanofibers for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

“…Meanwhile, sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP, Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) is a cyclic polyphosphate working as an effective crosslinker, not showing toxicity at any concentration, and has been used in the food industry since being FDA-approved for humans [20]. Studies investigating the potential of STMP found that it provides nucleation sites for calcium phosphate apatite precipitation [21] since it leads to a more anionic surface [22,23]. When added to a polyamide-based scaffold, STMP produced higher elastic modulus, elongation at break, and tensile strength, in addition to generating a hydrophilic surface that facilitates cell adhesion, which is essential for bone repair [24].…”

Changes in Dental Biofilm Proteins’ Secondary Structure in Groups of People with Different Cariogenic Situations in the Oral Cavity and Using Medications by Means of Synchrotron FTIR-Microspectroscopy

“…In the first (I) stage, the biofilm was taken on the first day of the experiment. The next day, the patients began to take tablets containing a mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate [60,61]. According to the recommendations of the producer, the participants took one tablet 3 times a day.…”