Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy‐Based Optical Biosensor for Liquid Biopsy: Toward Precision Medicine

Abstract

Liquid biopsy is regarded as a promising strategy for assisting precision medicine because of its convenience, noninvasiveness, and ability to overcome tumor heterogeneity and achieve early detection. Recently, impressive advancements in plasmonic biosensors, artificial intelligence, and portable Raman equipment have yielded unprecedented progress in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)–based point‐of‐care testing (POCT) systems for liquid biopsy. The development of these systems presents a paradigm shift in on‐site liquid biopsy applications by leveraging the unique benefits of efficiency, fast analysis, portability, affordability, and user‐friendliness. Herein, these advances are introduced over the last 3 years in the field of SERS‐based POCT systems for labeled and label‐free biomarker analysis in body fluids, including tumor circulating proteins and cells, exosomes, micro‐RNA, and circulating tumor DNA. Additionally, powerful machine learning algorithms (including deep learning algorithms) are integrated with SERS to effectively extract potential data features and generate precise diagnostic models. The review highlights the use of handheld and portable Raman devices in significantly promoting the application of SERS‐based POCT in clinical scenarios. Finally, the review outlines the challenges and future perspectives of this technology.

Ultrasensitive Dual ELONA/SERS–RPA Multiplex Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance

“…Moreover, the use of the same platform to enable two independent readout modes conferred considerable benefits in terms of potential assay cost, result confirmation, and cross-validation. Furthermore, the utilization of a handheld Raman spectrometer to collect the results demonstrates the capability of the developed platform to be adopted for in-field testing of AMR in a simple and cost-effective way, as well as for the rapid acquisition of the test results …”

“…Furthermore, the utilization of a handheld Raman spectrometer to collect the results demonstrates the capability of the developed platform to be adopted for in-field testing of AMR in a simple and cost-effective way, as well as for the rapid acquisition of the test results. 43 …”

“…Furthermore, the utilization of a handheld Raman spectrometer to collect the results demonstrates the capability of the developed platform to be adopted for in-field testing of AMR in a simple and costeffective way, as well as for the rapid acquisition of the test results. 43 Selectivity of HRP/SERS Probes and SERS Measurement Reproducibility. To evaluate the selectivity of our methodology, we conducted negative control tests for both the HRP and SERS probes against high concentrations of the cognate and non-cognate amplified target templates (Figure S4, SI).…”