“…After CaM bound Ca 2+ , a larger hydrophobic region was exposed on the surface of Ca-CaM, often followed by interaction with other biomolecules in biological processes . For instance, there were seven methionine compounds (M57, M72, M92, M93, M97, M130, and M166) located in the newly exposed region of Ca-CaM. , The peaks of 663 and 748 cm –1 were then attributed to the characteristic C–S and S–CH 3 stretching vibration of methionine. , More importantly, the multiple thioether-contained chains of methionine could offer a strong Ca–CaM–nanopore interaction via the Au–S bond. This interaction monitored by the gold plasmonic nanopore provided structural evidence to explain why the dwell time of Ca–CaM is longer than that of apo-CaM in the ion current measurement mode (Figure h,i).…”