Surface engineering of Ba-doped TiO2 nanorods by Bi2O3 passivation and (NiFe)OOH Co-catalyst layers for efficient and stable solar water oxidation

Photocatalytic and Cathode Active Abilities of Ni-Substituted α-FeOOH Nanoparticles

“…The spectra obtained were analyzed using the Kubelka–Munk K-M function [ 40 ]. E g represents the energy difference between the valence band’s top and the conduction band’s bottom level [ 43 , 44 ] and is a crucial parameter in assessing photocatalytic activity. E g can be determined by constructing a Tauc plot [ 41 , 45 ]: where h is Planck’s constant, ν is the frequency, α is the absorption coefficient, A is the proportionality constant, E g is the band gap energy, and n is a parameter depending on the type of transition in the material.…”

“…The spectra obtained were analyzed using the Kubelka-Munk K-M function [40]. E g represents the energy difference between the valence band's top and the conduction band's bottom level [43,44] and is a crucial parameter in assessing photocatalytic activity. E g can be determined by constructing a Tauc plot [41,45]:…”

Reliable bi-functional nickel-phosphate /TiO2 integration enables stable n-GaAs photoanode for water oxidation under alkaline condition

“…The faradaic efficiency (FE) was calculated using Eq. 3 : where z is the evolved O 2 (mol) gas, n is the electron involved in the reaction ( n = 2 and 4 for H 2 and O 2 , respectively), F is the faradaic constant (96,485 C·mol −1 ), and Q is the total charge passing through the working electrode 40 .…”

Weak Force-Polarization-Driven Excellent Piezo-PEC Water Splitting by Coupling Dual-Active Piezoelectric Semiconductor with Defect Engineering in BiVO4/Bi2MoO6 Heterojunction

“…In pursuit of exceptional photoelectrodes, four categories of photocatalysts have emerged, encompassing metal-containing semiconductors, metal-free semiconductors, plasma metals, and insulators. 7−9 Over recent decades, extensive research has focused on the photoelectrocatalysis applications of bismuthbased semiconductor materials like Bi 2 O 3 , 10,11 BiOIO 3 , 12,13 and Bi 2 WO 6 . 14,15 Notably, BVO with its narrow band gap (2.4−2.5 eV) and deep valence band edge, alongside BMO with a suitable band gap (2.5−2.8 eV), exhibits the capability of PEC water oxidation under visible light, making them promising materials for PEC water splitting.…”

“…Nonetheless, the wide band gap confines the catalyst’s photoresponse to the ultraviolet segment of the solar spectrum, impeding the practical implementation of PEC technology. In pursuit of exceptional photoelectrodes, four categories of photocatalysts have emerged, encompassing metal-containing semiconductors, metal-free semiconductors, plasma metals, and insulators. − Over recent decades, extensive research has focused on the photoelectrocatalysis applications of bismuth-based semiconductor materials like Bi 2 O 3 , , BiOIO 3 , , and Bi 2 WO 6 . , Notably, BVO with its narrow band gap (2.4–2.5 eV) and deep valence band edge, alongside BMO with a suitable band gap (2.5–2.8 eV), exhibits the capability of PEC water oxidation under visible light, making them promising materials for PEC water splitting. − The unique aurivillius structure of BMO, composed of alternating layers of [MoO 2 ] 2+ and [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ , enables piezoelectric applications. Similarly, the effective carrier transport pathway provided by the chemically bonded layer stack structure of monoclinic scheelite BiVO 4 (BVO, s-m) is noteworthy.…”