Surface engineering in PbS via partial oxidation: towards an advanced electrocatalyst for reduction of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone

Abstract

PbS-based materials via partial oxidation showed excellent performance for electroreduction of biomass-derived levulinic acid with a high GVL faradaic efficiency of 78.6% at a current density of 13.5 mA cm−2.

Levulinic Acid Derived Reusable Cobalt-Nanoparticles-Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of γ-Valerolactone

“…The valorization of biomass and their derived feedstocks continues to be an important goal of chemical research for the sustainable production of advanced chemicals and materials. − Among sugar biomass-derived products, levulinic acid (LA) − represents renewable feedstock for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, fuels, and polymers as well as intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. − In particular, LA serves as a starting material for the production of γ-valerolactone (GVL), ethyl levulinate, 1,4-pentanediol, valeric esters, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, aminolevulinic acid, and other interesting compounds (Figure ). − Notably, catalytic hydrogenation of LA for the production of GVL constitutes an essential process because GVL is used as potential “green fuel” and as a starting material for the preparation of valuable chemicals. − For many years, numerous efforts have been made on this transformation by developing various catalysts. ,,− The majority of these catalysts are based on precious metals. ,,− In fact, the start-of-art-catalyst for this reaction is a ruthenium system. However, for the advancement of sustainable production of GVL, the development o...…”

Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Levulinic Acid to Valeric Acid on a Nanocrystalline PbO‐In2O3 Catalyst

“…Hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) is the major competing reaction for the LA electrocatalytic reduction in an aqueous electrolyte [6d,7a] . This could be characterized by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).…”

Recent developments in electrode materials for the selective upgrade of biomass-derived platform molecules into high-value-added chemicals and fuels

“…312 Han et al designed PbS-based electrocatalysts for the electrocatalysis of levulinic acid. 313 The FE of γ-valerolactone over PbS could reach 78.6% with a current density of 13.5 mA cm −2 , and γ-valerolactone was the only product of the LARR. Bisselink et al prepared three additional cathode materials (e.g., Cd, In, Zn), which selectively and efficiently produced valeric acid.…”

“…The onset potential for the EOR was 0.25 V vs. the silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl), and the current reached a maximum of 19. 18,21,23,27,51,61,64,65,70,72,75,78,79,91,93,94,120,164,165,185,225,234,238,239,241,242,249,253,258,267,269,271,273,286,290,298,301,311,313,319,323,326 0.69 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the presence of ethanol. Most importantly, the Pt-containing carbon fibers could be directly used as electrodes without binder or conductivity promoter, which avoided pore blockage and prevented the degradation of the electrode's conductivity and activity.…”