Surface engineered polar CeO2-based cathode host materials for immobilizing lithium polysulfides in High-performance Li-S batteries

Nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped micro-mesoporous hierarchical porous carbon as host for Li-S batteries

“…Because of high theoretical specific energy (2,600 Wh kg −1 ), non-toxicity and abundant natural reserves, Li-S batteries are expected to become the next generation of new energy storage systems ( Chen et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Lots of interesting results on Li-S batteries have been reported ( Kim et al, 2020 ; Ahn et al, 2022 ; Qian et al, 2022 ; Wei et al, 2022 ; Yu et al, 2022 ; Zhao et al, 2022 ). However, Li-S batteries still face two important challenges.…”

Covalent Organic Framework/Aluminum Oxide Composite Nanosheets as a Separator for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…With the widespread use of portable/wearable electronics and electric vehicles, the demand for energy storage devices with high energy density and high security is growing rapidly. , Thereinto, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been widely investigated owing to their superhigh theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g –1 and high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg –1 . − However, the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of polysulfide in an organic liquid-based electrolyte leads to a short cycle life of Li–S batteries. − In recent years, various strategies have been adopted to restrain the shuttle of polysulfide, including the development of an efficient composite sulfur cathode, modification or intercalation of the separator, optimization of electrolytes, and protection of the lithium anode. − The separator, as an indispensable part in Li–S batteries, not only effectively prevents physical contact and internal short-circuit between positive and negative electrodes but also acts as an ion sieve for lithium transport during electrochemical processes. Nevertheless, most commercial polyolefin separators have large pore diameters, some permeability to polysulfides, and poor ability to capture polysulfide.…”

High-Performance Cross-Linked Particle-Like LaNiO3 As a Multifunctional Separator to Significantly Enhance the Redox Kinetics of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…In order to solve the above problems, the preparation of carrier materials loaded with active materials is one of the most widely used methods to fix sulfur on the cathode side and improve the utilization of active materials, such as carbon-based materials. − Modifying the surface of a commercial polypropylene separator to use it as an intermediate layer is also an easy and efficient way to improve the performance of the battery, such as coating the separator with carbon material. , Although carbon-based materials are low-priced and have good electrical conductivity, nonpolar carbon-based materials have difficulty having good adsorption capacity for polar polysulfides and inhibiting the sharp decrease of active materials. This is a shuttle effect, so in recent years, the study of various materials with polar adsorption has gotten more and more in-depth, − such as oxides, − sulfides, − nitrides, , and borides. , The polar surfaces of these compounds can more effectively confine polysulfides, while the catalytic effect of O 2– containing metal oxides can more effectively promote the conversion of polysulfides to Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S, improving the utilization and Coulombic efficiency of active substances. , It is worth noting that when different compounds are used to modify the separator, a certain amount of carbon material is often added to enhance the conductivity of the positive side. − ABO 3 is a perovskite-type oxide in which the A-site is generally a rare earth metal or alkali metal ion occupying a dodecahedral position, and the B-site is generally a transition metal element occupying an octahedral position. , The catalytic activity of this class of oxides is mainly attributed to the transition metal element on the B-site. , In past studies, it has been confirmed that metallic nickel has an excellent catalytic ability for the transformation of polysulfides and that rare earth elements have abundant reserves in China. As the only rare earth nickel-based perovskite compound, LaNiO 3 has excellent conductivity and low resistivity and is widely used in Li–O 2 and Zn–air batteries, , and the spin density of LaNiO 3 determines its superior chemical immobilization and catalytic conversion ability. , …”