Surface Elemental Characterization of Indian Punch-Marked Coins of 600 to 200 BCE Era
Amit Kumar Upadhyay,
Neeraj Kumar Giri,
Rajiv Prakash
et al.
Abstract:In the present work, X-ray diffraction [XRD] and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic [XPS] techniques are used for surface elemental analysis and chemical composition of nine series of imperial punch-marked coins [PMC] of 600 to 200 BCE stored in the Numismatic Society of India at BHU, Varanasi. These coins were selected based on the Gupta-Hardakar classification system of the Mahajanpada and Janpada periods. PMCs are considered the oldest coins in India. They are among the most common coinages globally and are … Show more
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