Surface Effects on Blood-Clotting Components as Determined by Zeta-Potentials.  I1

Horan, Francis E.; Hirsch, Frederic G.; Wood, Lloyd A.; Wright, Irving S.

doi:10.1172/jci102247

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rate at which a charged particle suspended in a medium will travel in an applied electric field is an important measure of colloidal stability in the medium, and is associated in physics with Zeta Potential (ZP) [130]. A high negative value for ZP is essential for maintaining blood as a colloidal suspension [164]. In 2010, Tigrek and Barnes (p. 35) defined ZP more specifically as "the electrical potential drop from the particle surface across the bound fluid, to the interface where the liquid begins to flow under the shear stress.…”

Section: Serum Albumin and Zeta Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Initial Common Pathway of Inflammation, Disease, and Sudden Death

Davidson¹,

Seneff²

2012

Entropy

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Abstract:In reviewing the literature pertaining to interfacial water, colloidal stability, and cell membrane function, we are led to propose that a cascade of events that begins with acute exogenous surfactant-induced interfacial water stress can explain the etiology of sudden death syndrome (SDS), as well as many other diseases associated with modern times. A systemic lowering of serum zeta potential mediated by exogenous cationic surfactant administration is the common underlying pathophysiology. The cascade leads to subsequent inflammation, serum sickness, thrombohemorrhagic phenomena, colloidal instability, and ultimately even death. We propose that a sufficient precondition for sudden death is lowered bioavailability of certain endogenous sterol sulfates, sulfated glycolipids, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which are essential in maintaining biological equipose, energy metabolism, membrane function, and thermodynamic stability in living organisms. Our literature review provides the basis for the presentation of a novel hypothesis as to the origin of endogenous bio-sulfates which involves energy transduction from sunlight. Our hypothesis is amply supported by a growing body of data showing that parenteral administration of substances that lower serum zeta potential results in kosmotropic cationic and/or chaotropic anionic interfacial water stress, and the resulting cascade.Keywords: inflammation; serum sickness; colloidal instability; interfacial water stress; bio-sulfates; Shwartzman phenomena; sudden death syndrome Glossary of TermsAnaphylaxis a severe, rapidly progressing, life-threatening, generalized allergic reaction. Biological equipoise a stable, non-equilibrium, dissipative system synonymous with life. Cholesterol sulfate (Ch-S)quantitatively the most important known sterol sulfate in human plasma where it regulates the activity of the serine proteases, in cell membranes where it has a stabilizing role, and in platelet membranes where it supports platelet adhesion. Coherence domain (CD)a water CD is a collection of liquid water molecules which oscillate in unison in tune with a self-trapped electromagnetic field at a well-defined frequency. The coherent oscillations produce an ensemble of quasi-free electrons, able to collect noise energy from the environment and transform it into high-grade coherent energy in the form of electron vortices. This high-grade energy may then activate biomolecules resonating with the water CD. Colloidal instabilitya property attributed to a colloidal suspension that develops when stabilizing repulsive steric and electrostatic forces between colliding particles are insufficient to prevent their natural tendency to aggregate into masses large enough to precipitate.Colloidal suspension a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid, e.g., our flowing blood. Exclusion zone (EZ)a glass-like, gel phase consisting of water CDs resonating in-phase, adjacent to hydrophilic surfaces, several hundred micrometers wide which excludes colloi...

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Section: Serum Albumin and Zeta Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Initial Common Pathway of Inflammation, Disease, and Sudden Death

Davidson¹,

Seneff²

2012

Entropy

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“…A high negative value for zeta potential is essential for maintaining blood as a colloidal suspension [21]: cells and complex molecules suspended in the blood avoid flocculation through a negative charge field maintained in the immediate surrounding space. One of the main functions of serum albumin is to control colloid stability in the blood [78].…”

Section: Aluminum and Mercury Impact Zeta Potential And Sulfate Recycmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the level of free sulfate in the blood stream was only 33% of the level found in control subjects. We hypothesize that sulfate deficiency results in insufficient ionic buffering in the vasculature, with grossly inadequate sulfation of the extracellular matrix proteins that are essential for proper colloidal suspension of particles and cells [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.

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“…Wbilst it might appear that the silicone surface has an orientating effect upon the flbrinogen molecule, this appears improbable as the active substance can be eluted by citrate. Further confirmation is supplied by Horan et al (1950), who found that the z-potential of silieone ia close to that of glass at pH 6-9.…”

Section: Thrombin Amentioning

confidence: 79%

Thrombin Components in Blood Coagulation

1951

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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It has been regarded as axiomatic in present day theories of blood coagulation that the action of thrombin upon fibrinogen is a simple one, and that thrombin itself is a unit substance. Lyons (.1945a, b) and Laki and Mommaerts (1945) suggested a two-stage process in the clotting of fibrinogen. Lyons produced evidence that tibrinogen went thi-ough a well-defined intermediate stage which he called fibrinogen B, before it was finally converted to fibrin. Lyons eiul. (1948), (.1949) also showed that this intermediate stage, fibrinogen B, could be demonstrated in certain pathological plasmas. In healthy normal subjects the incidence of fibrinogen B is very low. One hundred and five football players were examined both before and after play. Of these two showed a positive fibrinogen B reaction before play and the same players and one other previously negative gave a positive reaction after play.Since the two forms of fibrinogen were so sharply defined, five possibilities were considered as to their significance in the thrombin fibrinogen reaction.1. That the formation of fibrinogen B is not connected with the action of thrombin.2. That the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin could be inhibited at the stage of fibrinogen B by an anti-thrombin.3. That the thrombin molecule contains two active groups. 4. That thrombin could be composed of at least two components, thrombin A and thrombin B.5. That thrombin A and thrombin B are by-products of the thrombin fibrinogen reaction.Examing these possibilities in the order cited: Number 1 was untenable, as a fibrinogen B is always formed as an intermediate stage in the normal conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Whenever the fibrinogen B test is performed after one half of the known clotting time has elapsed, a maximal amount of fibrinogen B is demonstrated. As no fibrinogen can be detected after the removal of the gel formed by the test, it appears that all the fibrinogen had been transformed to fibrinogen B.iWork done under a grant from the National Health and Medical Eesearch Council.

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Surface Effects on Blood-Clotting Components as Determined by Zeta-Potentials. I1

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

The Initial Common Pathway of Inflammation, Disease, and Sudden Death

The Initial Common Pathway of Inflammation, Disease, and Sudden Death

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Thrombin Components in Blood Coagulation

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