Surface deformation and displacement of bed elements during splash – Model tests

Mazur, Rafał; Ryżak, Magdalena; Sochan, Agata; Marciszuk, Karolina; Beczek, Michał; Bieganowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.104277

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Atherton et al [ 61 ] prepared beds of glass beads with layers varying in wettability and color and analyzed their interaction with the drops, after impact. In the work of Mazur et al [ 58 ], deposits of glass beads of different colours were used to analyze, among other things, their displacement and the origin of the particles forming the area wetted by the drop. The downside of the method is the difficulty in determining the accuracy of deposit preparation (for example, thickness of layers), limitations due to the size of the beads, as well as the amount of work required to prepare a single sample.…”

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images can be the basis for analyzing and describing the morphology of the deformation, helping to determine the regularity of the craters, the shape of the wetted material and the presence of rims. For example, Ahn et al [ 23 ] and Mazur et al [ 58 ] used photographs to analyze the area and shape of sample material wetted by drops. However, in most cases, analysis of photographs has served to determine the diameter of the craters, usually making it possible to determine the approximate width of the rim; such measurements were made, e.g., in the works of Delon et al [ 43 ] and Matsuda et al [ 55 ].…”

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some works used single images or short sequences of images taken by the method of high-speed photography as an independent object of analysis or a way of presenting successive stages of the studied process [ 42 , 43 , 45 , 49 , 54 ]. The quantities determined based on the films include, among others, the time of crater formation and the change in its diameter over time, which was considered in the work of Delon et al [ 43 ], Nefzaoui and Skurtys [ 44 ], Zhao et al [ 53 ], and Mazur et al [ 58 ]. The course of the wetting of deposit material by drops can also be the subject of research [ 36 , 38 , 50 , 54 ].…”

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Mazur

Ryżak

Sochan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Water erosion is an unfavorable phenomenon causing soil degradation. One of the factors causing water erosion is heavy or prolonged rainfall, the first effect of which is the deformation of the soil surface and the formation of microcraters. This paper presents an overview of research methods allowing the study of microcraters as well as the process of their formation. A tabular summary of work on the measurements of various quantities describing the craters is presented. The said quantities are divided into three groups: (i) static quantities, (ii) dynamic quantities, and (iii) dimensionless parameters. The most important measurement methods used to study crater properties, such as (i) basic manual measurement methods, (ii) photography, (iii) high-speed imaging, (iv) profilometers, (v) 3D surface modelling, and (vi) computed tomography (CT) and its possibilities and limitations are discussed. The main challenges and prospects of research on soil surface deformation are also presented.

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Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Mazur

Ryżak

Sochan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…It is not only important to ensure that the soil is well prepared but also that it is rich in microorganisms that can enhance the growth of young plants such as raspberry seedlings and protect them from pathogens that are present in the soil [48][49][50]. Soilborne pathogens can be transported from the nursery to newly set up plantations, and from soil to leaves by soil splash that periodically occurs, e.g., during the rain [51,52]. The early effect of selected strains of bacteria on the growth of raspberry plants varied depending on the phytopathogen contamination variant and naturalization strategy.…”

Section: Effect Of Biopreparation On the Early Growth Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Growing Medium and Preservation Methods for Plant Beneficial Bacteria, and Formulating a Microbial Biopreparation for Raspberry Naturalization

2021

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The current study focuses on the optimization of bacterial growing medium composition, including the carbon and nitrogen source in different concentrations, the pH value of the medium and the temperature. Optimization was performed for four environmental bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, which were previously obtained from wild raspberries. These bacteria proved to be potent antagonists against certain fungal and fungal-like plant pathogens. Furthermore, three preservation methods and three sample preparation techniques were evaluated. In addition, a prebiotic supplementary blend based on previous research was tested. The research included a pot experiment to estimate the influence of bacterial cultures on the growth of plant shoots and roots, on the soil enzymatic activity and the content of macronutrients, minerals and nitrogen in the soil depending on the naturalization strategy. The best carbon and nitrogen source were chosen. The addition of a supplementary blend resulted in the increased growth of two bacterial isolates. Bacterial inoculum applied to the roots and watering resulted in increased shoot mass in objects infected with plant pathogens, although in plants without the pathogen infection, bacterial inoculum resulted in the decreased mass of plants. Naturalization strategy should be matched to the pathogens present at plantations.

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“…Different granular beds were investigated, for instance, model i.e. glass beads [ 13 ], sand [ 14 ], soil [ 15 ], gravel, or rocks [ 16 ]. Thus, this aspect is important in military research, with regard to the effectiveness of protective structures against bullets and shrapnel [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of crater formation as a result of high-velocity impacts on sand bed

et al. 2022

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The formation of craters is an important issue in the investigations of the surface of the earth and other planets. The aim of the study was to check whether the different textures of sand beds affect the size and dynamics of the formation of craters and ejection curtain after high-velocity impacts. The experiments were conducted using an aluminium impactor at two impact speeds (~700 and ~1300 m∙s-1) and a sand bed composed of either a broad range of sizes (<2.0 mm) or any of the three fractions obtained from it (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 mm). The diameters, depths, wall slope, and rim heights of the resulting craters were measured. The ejecta curtain was characterized by the inclination angle of walls, base diameter, and expansion velocity. The mass of the transferred material and the depth of the impactor penetration were also determined. Additionally, the results were used to calculate dimensionless parameters commonly considered in crater studies (πV, π2 and α). The texture of the sand most clearly influenced the diameters of the craters, its effect could also be seen in the case of the distance covered by the ejected material. This information appears to be relevant for future research, providing some rationale to help assess in which aspects of the phenomenon the texture may be important.

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Surface deformation and displacement of bed elements during splash – Model tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Optimization of Growing Medium and Preservation Methods for Plant Beneficial Bacteria, and Formulating a Microbial Biopreparation for Raspberry Naturalization

Experimental investigations of crater formation as a result of high-velocity impacts on sand bed

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