Surface Cooling Rapidly Induces Coordinated Activity in the Upper and Lower Airway Muscles of the Fetal Lamb in Utero

Johnston, Barbara M.; Gunn, Tania R.; Gluckman, Peter D.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198803000-00005

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the activity of the genioglossus, the major pharyngeal dilator does not appear to be synchronous with that of the diaphragm, unlike what is observed in infants and adults (Johnston et al 1988). FBMs characteristically occur during periods of low voltage, high-frequency electrocorticogram (LV-ECoG), rapid eye movements and hypotonia, similar to many features of REM sleep (Dawes et al 1972).…”

Section: Role Of Co2 In the Control Of Fetal Breathing Movementsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The role of CO2 and central chemoreception in the control of breathing in the fetus and the neonate

Darnall¹

2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Central chemoreception is active early in development and likely drives fetal breathing movements, which are influenced by a combination of behavioral state and powerful inhibition. In the premature human infant and newborn rat ventilation increases in response to CO 2 ; in the rat the sensitivity of the response increases steadily after ~P12. The premature human infant is more vulnerable to instability than the newborn rat and exhibits periodic breathing that is augmented by hypoxia and eliminated by breathing oxygen or CO 2 or the administration of respiratory stimulants. The sites of central chemoreception active in the fetus are not known, but may involve the parafacial respiratory group which may be a precursor to the adult RTN. The fetal and neonatal rat brainstem spinal-cord preparations promise to provide important information about central chemoreception in the developing rodent and will increase our understanding of important clinical problems, including The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, and periodic breathing and apnea of prematurity.

show abstract

Section: Role Of Co2 In the Control Of Fetal Breathing Movementsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The role of CO2 and central chemoreception in the control of breathing in the fetus and the neonate

Darnall¹

2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Occlusion of the umbilical cord when the fetal lamb is apnoeic in its normal ambient environment (39·4 °C in sheep, 37·8 °C in man) does not cause breathing, and severe asphyxia and eventually gasping will ensue 17 , even with a tracheostomy tube (or snorkel) open to air. Environmental cooling by as little as 1–2 °C initiates breathing movements and synchronises the alae nasae and genioglossal muscles with diaphragmatic inspiratory activity 18 thus overcoming upper airway inspiratory obstruction with the umbilical circulation intact. Fetal breathing then becomes effective independent pulmonary respiration, even when the umbilical cord is also occluded.…”

Section: Neurochemical Characteristics Of Laryngeal Induced Apnoea Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth under water–to breathe or not to breathe

Johnson

1996

BJOG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurosonographic imaging of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates exposed and not exposed to cocaine and cytomegalovirus

Dogra

Menon

Poblete

et al. 1994

J of Clinical Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We sought to prospectively identify the role of neurosonography in the evaluation of a consecutive group of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates, and also to identify the association of neurosonographic findings with cocaine exposure and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Neurosonographic imaging was performed in 180 SGA neonates within 72 hours of birth. Urine samples were screened for CMV and cocaine metabolites (CM) in all cases. Sixty-five neonates (37.5%) had an abnormal neurosonographic appearance. Nine neonates were positive for CMV and 31 neonates were positive for CM. Focal echolucencies (27), ventricular dilation (27), and subependymal hemorrhages (12) were the most common neurosonographic abnormalities. The first two were more common with CM (p < .05). An abnormal neurosonographic pattern was seen more often in SGA neonates with CM (54.8%, 17 of 31; p < .05) and CMV (67%, 6 of 9; p < .01) as compared with the rest (32.6%, 44 of 135; p < .01). Among those without CM or CMV, prematurity was associated with an increased risk for abnormality (p < .001 between groups), specifically subependymal hemorrhage, ventricular dilation, and porencephalic cysts. Five CMV-positive neonates showed periventricular, echogenic foci mainly in the area of the frontal horn. Two new findings with SGA were caudate nucleus echogenicity and a "moth-eaten" appearance of the thalamus, each found in three infants. Neurosonographic imaging is useful in the evaluation of SGA neonates. Focal echolucencies and caudate echogenicity suggest maternal cocaine use, and periventricular echogenic foci strongly suggest fetal CMV infection.

show abstract

Surface Cooling Rapidly Induces Coordinated Activity in the Upper and Lower Airway Muscles of the Fetal Lamb in Utero

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

The role of CO2 and central chemoreception in the control of breathing in the fetus and the neonate

The role of CO2 and central chemoreception in the control of breathing in the fetus and the neonate

Birth under water–to breathe or not to breathe

Neurosonographic imaging of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates exposed and not exposed to cocaine and cytomegalovirus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About