Surface-coated fly ash used as filler in biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: Part 1—The modification process

Surface treated fly ash filled modified epoxy composites

“…It is observed that the peaks at the range of 1000-700 cm -1 are assigned for the vibration of Si-O and Al-O bonds. There is a slight shifting of band in the range of 1000 cm -1 to the higher wavelength because of the interaction of polar active SLS with the Si-O and Al-O bonds in fly ash [6] .…”

“…The surface area of fly ash filled polymer composite can be increased by reducing the particle size of fly ash and this enables uniform distribution in polymer matrix and improves the mechanical properties [5] . The surface treatment of fly ash with surfactant enhances the physical properties by avoiding particle-particle interaction and has a better distribution of fly ash within the polymer [6] . The use of silane coupling agent in polybutadiene rubber, improves the interaction between the rubber and fly ash and enhances the mechanical properties of the rubber [5] .…”

Characterization of the surface and physical properties of South African coal fly ash modified by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) for applications in PVC composites

“…Their results showed an enhancement in the physical properties (increased tensile strength) of the polymer, which they attributed to the elimination of particle-particle interaction, and a better distribution of fly ash within the polymer. The composition and morphology of the fly ash used in the study performed by Nath [7,8] differ from that of South African fly ash, and the method would not necessarily be successful when applied to South African fly ash.…”

“…Surfactants are generally used as surface modifiers to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of hydrophilic inorganic fillers, which consequently increases compatibility between the polar inorganic and non-polar organic matrices. Nath et al [7,8] studied the effect of surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) modified fly ash on the properties of composite films fabricated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Their results showed an enhancement in the physical properties (increased tensile strength) of the polymer, which they attributed to the elimination of particle-particle interaction, and a better distribution of fly ash within the polymer.…”

“…Research in the field of utilizing fly ash as filler in different polymeric materials is growing exponentially [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Surface treatment is a principal method applied to change the wetting behaviour of mineral or inorganic fillers.…”