Surface Chemistry of Carbon Materials

Bandosz, Teresa J.

doi:10.1002/9780470403709.ch2

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 283 publications

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“…( 3 He or 4 He are analogous) Our procedure is adapted from that used for an ensemble of "peapods", a collection of C 60 molecules within a nanotube bundle [13]. In summary, we have considered problems in which relaxation of a pore plays a significant role in the thermodynamics of adsorption.…”

Section: Fig 2 (Color Online)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of fluids in pores is important for both fundamental science (physics of reduced dimensionality) and applications (gas storage, purification, reactions and separations) [1][2][3][4][5]. Many calculations have been used to study these systems, often using simplified descriptions of the confining geometry (cylindrical or slit pore models).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the only atomic system that does not condense in either one dimension (1D) or 2D. In contrast, 4 He is bound as a 1D liquid, by just 2mK, the difference arising from the smaller zero-point energy (ZPE) of 4 He [6]. In 2D, liquid 4 He is relatively strongly bound, by ~0.9 K, while 3 He does not condense because of fermi statistics and the higher ZPE [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Substrate Relaxation on Adsorption in Pores

et al. 2009

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Fluids in porous media are commonly studied with analytical or simulation methods, usually assuming that the host medium is rigid. By evaluating the substrate's response (relaxation) to the presence of the fluid we assess the error inherent in that assumption.One application is a determination of the ground state of 3 He in slit and cylindrical pores.With the relaxation, there results a much stronger cohesion than would be found for a rigid host. Similar increased binding effects of relaxation are found for classical fluids confined within slit pores or nanotube bundles.The study of fluids in pores is important for both fundamental science (physics of reduced dimensionality) and applications (gas storage, purification, reactions and separations) [1][2][3][4][5]. Many calculations have been used to study these systems, often using simplified descriptions of the confining geometry (cylindrical or slit pore models). In many cases, an additional assumption is made-that the host material is rigid. In that approximation, the only role of the substrate is to provide a static potential energy function V(r) and a corresponding force, -∇V(r), on the adsorbed molecules. However, Newton's third law assures us that the molecules comprising the host material experience an equal, but opposite, force to that experienced by the adsorbate molecules. Is this reaction force important? In some cases, the answer is no; neglect of the substrate motion

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Section: Fig 2 (Color Online)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Substrate Relaxation on Adsorption in Pores

et al. 2009

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“…Heat treatment of the activated carbon under nitrogen, hydrogen or vacuum [3][4][5] reduces the number of oxygen surface groups because their thermal stability is limited. For instance, a carboxylic group decomposes at 300ºC to evolve as CO 2 and H 2 O, whereas a carbonyl group decomposes at 900ºC with the evolution of CO [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of activated carbon hydrophobicity by pyrolysis of propene

Gonçalves

Molina‐Sabio

Rodriguez-Reinoso

2010

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The chemical nature of the surface of a granular activated carbon has been modified by heat treatment under nitrogen at 1000ºC followed by pyrolysis of propene in the 300-600ºC temperature range. Cracking of propene produces deposits of coke on the more reactive sites of the carbon surface, those produced after the decomposition of the original oxygen surface groups along the previous heat treatment. The process leads to an initial reduction in the number of oxygen surface groups and in the capacity of the carbon to chemisorb oxygen. The further growth of the carbon deposit in the interior of the particle decreases the width of the micropore entrance, which is paralleled by the coating of the external surface of the particle. The reduction in the number of active sites of the carbon leads to a decrease in the enthalpy of immersion into polar liquids such as water and ethylenediamine, the carbon becoming more hydrophobic than the original.

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“…In the adsorption processes, a wide range of sorbents has been used, both inorganic (silica gels (Chung and Chung 1998), zeolites (Jamil et al 2011), porous glass (Rysiakiewicz-Pasek et al 2004), molecular sieves (Kopa1 1999) and aluminium oxide (Borggaard et al 2005) and organic activated carbon fibres (Park and Kim 2001), carbon nanotubes (Shaijumon and Ramaprabhu 2005), carbon blacks (Li and Jaroniec 1999), carbon molecular sieves (Lozano-Castello et al 2005) and mesoporous ordered carbons (Gierszal et al 2005). The widest range of application has been predicted for activated carbons (Nowicki et al 2010a;Ismadji et al 2005), especially those containing different heteroatoms-O, N, S, P, halogens and metal ions (Bandosz 2009;Feng et al 2006;Puziy and Poddubnaya 1998;Zeng et al 2004;Goscianska et al 2012, Somy et al 2009), whose presence significantly modifies physicochemical properties. However, the majority of activated carbons do not contain such admixtures, which is related to their lack or very low content in the precursor used for the production of activated carbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-enriched activated carbons prepared by the activation of coniferous tree sawdust and their application in the removal of Nitrogen dioxide

Nowicki

Kaźmierczak

Sawicka

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A technology of obtaining nitrogen-enriched activated carbons from coniferous tree sawdust by direct activation of the precursor and physical activation with CO 2 is described. The effect of activation time, pyrolysis temperature as well as modification with urea on the textural parameters, acid-base character of the surface and sorption properties of activated carbons has been tested. The resulting carbons were characterised by low-temperature nitrogen sorption and determination of the number of surface oxygen groups. The sorption properties of the materials obtained were characterised by nitrogen dioxide adsorption in dry and wet conditions. The final products were nitrogen-enriched microporous activated carbons of medium-developed surface, showing very diverse nitrogen content and acidic-basic character of the surface. The results obtained in our study have proved that through suitable choice of the activation and modification procedure of coniferous tree sawdust, activated carbons can be produced with high capacity towards nitrogen dioxide adsorption, reaching to 69 and 46 mg NO 2 /g in dry and wet conditions, respectively. The results of our study have also shown that the adsorption ability of carbonaceous adsorbents depends both on the method of preparation as well as on the textural parameters and acid-base properties of the adsorbents surface.

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Surface Chemistry of Carbon Materials

Cited by 57 publications

References 283 publications

Effects of Substrate Relaxation on Adsorption in Pores

Effects of Substrate Relaxation on Adsorption in Pores

Modification of activated carbon hydrophobicity by pyrolysis of propene

Nitrogen-enriched activated carbons prepared by the activation of coniferous tree sawdust and their application in the removal of Nitrogen dioxide

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