Surface chemistry of alkali-activated materials and how to modify it

Luukkonen, Tero

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88438-9.00002-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…88,89 These factors enable the fabrication of foams, granules, disks, or 3D-printed lattices with controlled porosities and other properties, which might be difficult with many other materials [90][91][92] Both low-and high-calcium materials (i.e., zeolite-and tobermorite-like aluminosilicates, respectively) have been studied by utilizing their intrinsic properties (e.g., mesoporosity or cation-exchange capacity) or by modifying the materials (e.g., introducing transition metals, developing composites, or adding organic functional groups to the surface). 93,94 One relatively early publication related to the high-end applications of geopolymers and AAMs was by Kunze et al 95 describing radium adsorption from water by using a barium-modified AAM. Since then, geopolymers and AAMs have been studied for example for the adsorption of various toxic metal(loid)s, nutrients, organic dyes, radioisotopes, water hardness, and rare earth elements.…”

Section: From Construction Materials To High-end Technical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of high‐end products, some appealing features of geopolymers and AAMs include flexible, simple, and low‐energy preparation process, potential for low cost and better environmental profile, and promising technical performance in comparison to many competing materials, such as synthetic zeolites, high‐temperature ceramics, or certain organic polymers 88,89 . These factors enable the fabrication of foams, granules, disks, or 3D‐printed lattices with controlled porosities and other properties, which might be difficult with many other materials 90–92 Both low‐ and high‐calcium materials (i.e., zeolite‐ and tobermorite‐like aluminosilicates, respectively) have been studied by utilizing their intrinsic properties (e.g., mesoporosity or cation‐exchange capacity) or by modifying the materials (e.g., introducing transition metals, developing composites, or adding organic functional groups to the surface) 93,94 …”

Section: Where To Go: New Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Kriven,

Leonelli,

Provis

et al. 2024

J Am Ceram Soc.

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This perspective article delves into the transformative potential of alkali‐activated materials, acid‐activated materials, and geopolymers in mitigating climate change and market challenges. To harness the benefits of these materials, a comprehensive strategy is proposed. This strategy aims to integrate these materials into existing construction regulations, facilitate certification, and promote market access. Emphasizing research and innovation, the article advocates for, increased funding to refine the chemistry and production of these materials, prioritizing low‐cost alternatives and local waste materials. Collaboration between academia and industry is encouraged to expedite technological advances and broaden applications. This article also underscores the need to develop economic and business models emphasizing the long‐term benefits of these materials, including lower life‐cycle costs and reduced environmental impact. Incentivizing adoption through financial mechanisms like tax credits and subsidies is suggested. The strategy also includes scaling up production technology, fostering industrial collaboration for commercial viability, and developing global supply chains. Educational programs for professionals and regulators are recommended to enhance awareness and adoption. Additionally, comprehensive life‐cycle assessments are proposed to demonstrate environmental benefits. The strategy culminates in expanding the applications of these materials beyond construction, fostering international collaboration for knowledge sharing, and thus positioning these materials as essential for sustainable construction and climate change mitigation.

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Section: From Construction Materials To High-end Technical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Where To Go: New Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Kriven,

Leonelli,

Provis

et al. 2024

J Am Ceram Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effect of material age on the adsorption capacity of low-, medium-, and high-calcium alkali-activated materials

Laukkanen¹,

Ojala²,

Luukkonen³

et al. 2022

Applied Surface Science Advances

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Integrated Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Olivine Ores Using Solvent Extraction: Synergistic Production of Amorphous Silica and Carbonates through pH Adjustment and Carbon Mineralization

Zhang,

Yang,

Huang

et al. 2024

ACS EST Eng.

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This study proposed a sustainable method for the concurrent recovery of metals from olivine minerals and carbon sequestration through carbon mineralization to address the challenges of climate change and critical mineral recovery for the renewable energy transition. It developed a comprehensive development in leaching processes, recovery of metals, and reagent recycling while assessing its economic benefits and environmental impact. Employing hydrometallurgical leaching, our approach facilitates the selective recovery of Ni 2+ while converting Mg 2+ into their carbonates. This approach is further refined through a stepwise technique that controls operating conditions to generate high-purity valuable products, enabling nearly 90% of Mg 2+ and Ni 2+ to be dissolved and converted to carbonates. This study evaluated various organic and inorganic acids for the leaching process, followed by Fe extraction and pH swing, to yield pure Fe salts and amorphous silica. Separately extracting iron from the solution significantly reduces the loss of valuable metals in subsequent stages by minimizing the coprecipitation of iron with silicon. A techno-economic assessment (TEA) was performed to evaluate the economic impact of removing iron before the solvent extraction of nickel. This analysis, based on mass balance flow comparisons, determined that the independent removal of iron is more profitable, resulting in the production of more and higher-value products. Ni 2+ was selectively extracted from the leachate using Versatic 10, which forms a complex with nickel in the organic phase. The solution containing either a strong acid or a greener agent (i.e., gaseous CO 2 ) was effectively used to strip Ni 2+ from the organic phase. Different polymorphs of Mg carbonates were produced under ambient conditions. The proposed process flow results in highpurity products suitable for use in various industries, which enhances the economy, facilitating the rapid adoption of this technology.

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Surface chemistry of alkali-activated materials and how to modify it

Cited by 3 publications

References 130 publications

Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Effect of material age on the adsorption capacity of low-, medium-, and high-calcium alkali-activated materials

Integrated Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Olivine Ores Using Solvent Extraction: Synergistic Production of Amorphous Silica and Carbonates through pH Adjustment and Carbon Mineralization

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