Surface chemical studies of aging and solvent extraction effects on plasma-treated polystyrene

Schamberger, Patrick C.; Abes, Jeff I.; Gardella, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/0927-7765(94)01130-3

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This could be due to dissolution of functionalized polymer chains during the analysis. Low-molecular-weight fragments produced during oxygen plasma treatment (8,42) may indeed be extracted by solvents. Another explanation could be that hydrophobic recovery (12) of the plasma-treated surface occurs during long pauses subsequent to wetting, due to reorientation or diffusion of functionalized polymer chains into the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Microscopy and Wettability Study of Oxidized Patterns at the Surface of Polystyrene

Dupont‐Gillain

Nysten

Hlady

et al. 1999

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The surface properties of patterned surfaces made by a combination of photolithography and oxygen plasma treatment of polystyrene (PS) were investigated. PS and plasma-treated PS (PSox) were first characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the study of wetting dynamics (Wilhelmy plate method) in water and in solutions of different pH. The results indicated that the PSox surface may be viewed as covered with a polyelectrolyte-like gel, which swells depending on pH. It was then shown, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), that the adhesion force measured on PS with a silicon tip in water was higher compared with that measured on PSox. This feature allowed imaging of the oxidation patterns using the adhesion mapping mode. The origin of the pulloff force contrast, which could not be explained by combining Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory and thermodynamic considerations, was attributed to repulsion between the tip and hydrated polymer chains present on the oxidized surface. Imaging was also performed in the lateral force mode, a higher friction being recorded on PS than on PSox. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Microscopy and Wettability Study of Oxidized Patterns at the Surface of Polystyrene

Dupont‐Gillain

Nysten

Hlady

et al. 1999

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Thus, in order to gain more hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface, various modification methods have been developed. 10,11 Plasma treat-ments have long been known to increase the wettability of hydrocarbon-based polymers, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene. The chemical composition of polymer surfaces can be modified by direct chemical reaction with a given solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface studies of plasma source ion implantation treated polystyrene

Lee

Han

Lee

et al. 1998

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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The plasma source ion implantation ͑PSII͒ was utilized to improve the wettability and the stability of surface layer formed in the modification of polymeric materials. Polystyrene was treated with different kinds of plasma ions to render the surface more hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Hydrophobic recovery of PSII-treated polystyrene was also observed as a function of aging time, aging temperature, and treatment parameters. Treatment parameters involve kinds of gases, pressure, plasma power, pulse frequency, pulse voltage, etc. To study the effect of inert gas on hydrophobic recovery, polystyrene samples were prepared by helium, argon, or gas-mixture treatment. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry ͑TOF-SIMS͒ has been used to interpret the PSII-treated polystyrene surface and its hydrophobic recovery, with the assistance of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. TOF-SIMS spectra of 18 O 2 PSII-treated samples showed the presence of 18 O-containing peaks from the modified surfaces. PSII modifications provide more stable surfaces of polystyrene as a function of aging time than plasma treatments. The comparison of aging behavior data allowed for examination of the differences in the stability of the functionality introduced by the two different treatment techniques.

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“…BPDA-PDA polyimide contains only one type of oxygen, C=O and one type of nitrogen atom. There is no ether oxygen as in the PMDA-ODA [26]. In the O 1s spectrum of BPDA-PDA (Fig.…”

Section: Xps Analysis Of Polyimide Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Surface reactivity of polyimide and its effect on adhesion to epoxy

Hoontrakul¹,

Pearson²

2006

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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Polyimides are commonly used as organic passivation layers for microelectronic devices due to their unique combination of properties such as low dielectric constant, high thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties and superior solvent resistance. Unfortunately, polyimides are well known to be difficult to bond to other materials, especially to epoxy resins. Many surface treatments have been developed to increase epoxy-polyimide adhesion. These treatments include exposure to ion beams, plasmas and chemical solutions. The goal of our research was to relate surface reactivity of epoxy and polyimide resins to the strength of epoxy-polyimide interfaces. The surface reactivity of four polyimides was studied and quantified using contact angle measurements, flow microcalorimetry (FMC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Several ways of analyzing contact angles were tried and only a weak correlation between the polar component or the acid-base components of the surface free energy with the critical interfacial strain energy release rate (i.e., the interfacial fracture strength) was observed. FMC results suggest that the strength of epoxy-polyimide interfaces is related to the molecular interactions between the curing agent and polyimide. The molecular interactions between the curing agent and polyimide surfaces were found to be either greater than epoxy and polyimide interactions or more irreversible. Therefore, the curing agent (2,4-EMI) is thought to play a critical role in controlling adhesion strength.

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Surface chemical studies of aging and solvent extraction effects on plasma-treated polystyrene

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Atomic Force Microscopy and Wettability Study of Oxidized Patterns at the Surface of Polystyrene

Atomic Force Microscopy and Wettability Study of Oxidized Patterns at the Surface of Polystyrene

Surface studies of plasma source ion implantation treated polystyrene

Surface reactivity of polyimide and its effect on adhesion to epoxy

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