Surface characterization, protein adsorption, and initial cell-surface reactions on glutathione and 3-mercapto-1,2,-propanediol immobilized to gold

Abstract

Monolayers of glutathione (GSH) and 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol (MG) on gold were tested for their bioreactivity by assessing the degree of inflammatory reaction as manifested by the adherence and activation of platelets and white blood cells (wbc) after exposure to blood ex vivo. Surface composition was characterized by XPS, and noncontact optical profilometry was used to determine surface roughness. The thickness and composition of the adsorbed protein layers were measured by ellipsometry/antibody techniques in vitro. Cell adhesion and activation were quantified by acridine orange staining, fluorescein-diacetate staining, and by specific antibodies against cell membrane antigens. Distinct differences among the surfaces were observed relative to the amounts and composition of adsorbed plasma proteins and the adhesion and activation of platelets (CD62P-exposure) and wbc (CD11b/CD18-exposure). GSH surfaces, which adsorbed the least amount of plasma protein, caused the least adherence and activation of platelets (CD62P), followed by the highest activation of wbc (CD11b/18). The MG surfaces caused a rapid recruitment and activation of platelets (CD62P), followed by a lower activation of wbc (CD11b/18). Thus it appears that measurements of the initial adsorption of plasma protein from anticoagulated plasma and of the adhesion and activation of platelets after 8 min of exposure to whole blood cannot be used to predict accurately the adhesion and activation behavior of inflammatory cells after longer periods (2 h) of exposure on different surfaces.

Cell adhesion peptide modification of gold-coated polyurethanes for vascular endothelial cell adhesion

“…[30][31][32][33][34] It has been postulated that the formation of a confluent vascular endothelial cell monolayer has the potential to significantly improve blood-contacting properties. To effect its formation, modification with cell-adhesion peptides, including RGDS, has been used extensively.…”

“…Gold-coated surfaces have been widely used in biologic and biomedical applications as they are attractive for investigating interfacial phenomena on chemically well-defined surfaces. 30 Liedberg et al [31][32][33] have used similar surfaces for studies of protein adsorption, suggesting that modified gold surfaces allow for separation of influences of different chemical functionalities from physical factors such as surface mobility and morphology. Lindblad et al used methyl-and hydroxyl-terminated alkane thiols immobilized on gold to study the effect of surface chemistry on the interfacial distribution of mononuclear cells.…”

Cell adhesion and proliferation on hydrophilic dendritically modified surfaces

“…Their properties, including the relative ease of modification with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) using the thiol-gold bond, as well as their stability to physical and biological changes, provide the ability to study early biological responses to the biomaterial interface by controlling surface properties at the molecular level [39]. In this work, we exploited the thiol-gold chemistry to introduce PEG chains, which were further functionalized with G1-G4 aliphatic polyester dendrons.…”

Adsorption mechanisms of l-Glutathione on Au and controlled nano-patterning through Dip Pen Nanolithography

“…Nevertheless, the adsorption of GSH on gold surfaces has been the subject of different studies using a wide range of techniques, such as polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy [37], attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy [38], surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy [39], electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance [40], and cyclic voltammetry [41]. GSH-modified Au surfaces were for example used for specific protein binding processes [42,43]. Interaction of alkaline earth metal cations (upon addition of selected neurotransmitters and cationic drugs) with GSH monolayer leads to the opening of ion gates in the GSH films, by redox ion probes [44].…”