Surface characterization of unbleached kraft pulps by means of ESCA

Laine, Janne; Stenius, Per; Carlsson, Gilbert; Ström, Gōran

doi:10.1007/bf00819664

Cited by 185 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The O/C ratio found for flax fiber is 0.156 (Table 2), while those for pure wax and cellulose are 0.11 and 0.83, respectively (Laine, Stenius, Carlsson, & Ström, 1994;Buchert, Carlsson, Viikari, & Ström, 1996;Toth, Faix, Rachor, Bertoti, & Szekely, 1993). A comparison of the latter O/C values with that measured for flax fiber suggests that the layer analyzed by XPS is composed mainly of cuticle, rich in wax.…”

Section: Surface Chemical Composition and Bondingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of particle size on the surface properties and morphology of ground flax

Csiszár

Fekete

Tóth

et al. 2013

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Flax fibers were ground with a ball-mill and four fractions with different size ranges were collected by sieving. These were tested for water sorption, degree of polymerization (DP), copper number, hydroxyl number and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Significant differences were found between the properties of the flax fiber and those of the ground versions, including fragmentation of fibers, increase of water sorption, copper number, hydroxyl number and surface O/C ratio, and decrease of DP, crystallite size and dispersive component of surface energy ( s d ). Some parameters depended on the particle size: O/C ratio and hydroxyl number had local maxima at 315-630 μm, while  s d increased steadily with the decrease of particle size. These relationships were explained by fiber disintegration, destruction of waxy surface layer, exposure of cellulosic components, increase of surface area and crystalline imperfections.

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Section: Surface Chemical Composition and Bondingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of particle size on the surface properties and morphology of ground flax

Csiszár

Fekete

Tóth

et al. 2013

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…4, upper) found for the untreated raw linen is 0.326. Data reported for the theoretical O/C ratios of cellulose (0.83), lignin (0.31 and 0.4), waxy materials (0.11) [18,19] and pectin (0.94, unpublished data) suggest that XPS most likely measures (in about 10 nm depth) the waxy outer layer of the linen fiber and the pectin present mainly in the middle lamella rather than lignin, since its amount is negligible in the outermost surface of linen. The O/C ratio increased steadily with the increase of duration of the plasma treatment from 0.326 to 0.597, indicating the etching and oxidative effects of air-plasma on the waxy surface layer and the polymers present.…”

Section: Surface Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the surface properties of linen by non-thermal atmospheric air-plasma treatment

2014

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Abstract:In this research, a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) type plasma reactor was used for the surface modification of raw linen fabric. Changes in physical properties and chemical composition of the fiber surface as well as color of the fabric were measured as a function of time of the atmospheric air plasma treatment. Furthermore, ageing of the effects created on the fiber surface by plasma treatment was also characterized in a period of 0-14 days elapsed after the plasma treatment. Significant differences were found between the properties of the raw and plasma treated linen fabrics, including increase of wettability, wickability, surface energy and O/C ratio, and decrease of water contact angle and deterioration of the waxy outer layer of the fibers. Most of the parameters depended on the time of plasma treatment (0-180 s). O/C ratio increased steadily with the increase of duration of the plasma treatment, which was explained by destruction of the waxy surface layer, creation of polar groups and exposure of cellulosic components. Most of the properties tested were found to be stable during two weeks of storage after the plasma treatment, indicating that the surface 'topography' created by plasma remained almost unaltered and the recovery of the etched waxy coverage of the fiber did not occur.

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“…Apparently, as the pulping volume was increased, some of the dissolved lignin got re-absorbed onto the pulp matrix thereby increasing their lignin content. 24,25 According to Yu et al, 25 the origin of such enrichment is complicated but occurs towards the end of the pulping and is influenced by certain factors such as the nature of fiber materials, conditions and methods of pulping, and the topochemistry of lignin dissolution. The phenomenon may be controlled by washing the resulting pulp first with a suitable organic solvent and finally with water.…”

Section: Pulping Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Process Variables for the Soda Pulping of Carpolobia Lutea (Polygalaceae) G. Don

Ogunsile¹,

Uba

2012

Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

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S. The selection of suitable delignification conditions and optimization of process variables is crucial to the successful operation of chemical pulping processes. Soda pulping of Carpolobia lutea was investigated, as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. The process was optimized under the influence of three operational variables, namely, temperature, time and concentration of cooking liquor. Equations derived using a second -order polynomial design predicted the pulp yield and lignin dissolution with errors less than 8% and 11% respectively. The maximum variations in the pulp yield using a second order factorial design was caused by changes in both time and alkali concentration. Optimum pulp yield of 43.87% was obtained at low values of the process variables. The selectivity of lignin dissolution was independent of the working conditions, allowing quantitative estimations to be established between the pulp yield and residual lignin content within the range studied.

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Surface characterization of unbleached kraft pulps by means of ESCA

Cited by 185 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of particle size on the surface properties and morphology of ground flax

Effect of particle size on the surface properties and morphology of ground flax

Enhancing the surface properties of linen by non-thermal atmospheric air-plasma treatment

Optimization of Process Variables for the Soda Pulping of Carpolobia Lutea (Polygalaceae) G. Don

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