Surface characterization of imidazolium ionic liquids by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Hashimoto, H.; Ohno, Atsushi; Nakajima, K.; Suzuki, Motofumi; Tsuji, Hiroshi; Kimura, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2009.12.023

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Furthermore, the quantum-chemically calculated pDOS provides invaluable information for analysis and interpretation of MIES spectra. For the increasing surface sensitivity from XPS over UPS to MIES, our quantum-chemically supported technique of reconstruction and analysis provides us information about the chemical composition and steric structure of ionic liquid surfaces, in full agreement with previously suggested surface structures of [EMIm]Tf 2 N and [OMIm]Tf 2 N. 6,25,26,[35][36][37] …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Again a shift of 1.1 eV between the cation and the anion is necessary to fit the expected alkylchain contribution to the lower binding energy edge of the difference spectrum. Due to the very high surface sensitivity of MIES this feature of the difference spectrum means that the octyl-chains of the [OMIm] + cations are present at the outermost part of the surface-a result that agrees well with our UPS (He II) reconstruction and the results from angle resolved XPS, 25,26 HRBS, 35,36 and SFG. 6,37 Note that the experimental MIES spectra have been normalized to 12.5 eV, and this may influence the obtained difference spectrum.…”

Section: Ups Spectrasupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This has been investigated with various UHV techniques, e.g., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1,[25][26][27][28][29][30] soft X-ray emission spectroscopy, 31,32 secondary ion mass spectroscopy, 33 scanning atom probe, 34 high resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (HRBS). 35,36 Detailed information about the surface structure has also been obtained by other surface sensitive methods, e.g. sum frequency generation (SFG), which features an analysis of the orientation of components of the ions present at the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical reconstruction and elementwise analysis of photoelectron spectra for imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Reinmöller

Ulbrich

Ikari

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In the present work we analyze these spectra by means of partial density of states (pDOS) as calculated from a single ion pair of the respective ionic liquid using density functional theory (DFT). Subsequently we reconstruct the XPS and UPS spectra by considering photoemission cross sections and analyze the MIES spectra by pDOS, which provides us decisive hints to the ionic liquid surface structure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Ups Spectrasupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical reconstruction and elementwise analysis of photoelectron spectra for imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Reinmöller

Ulbrich

Ikari

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Many established UHV-based surface science techniques have successfully contributed to an increasingly detailed understanding not only of the IL/ vacuum interface, but also of IL bulk properties. The applied methods include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [106,107,, UV photoelectron spectroscopy [138,139,165,166], inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) [165,166], X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) [165], soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) [166], low energy ion scattering (LEIS) [141], metastable ion spectroscopy (MIES) [138,139], time-offlight secondary mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) [140], Rutherford backscattering [167][168][169][170][171], high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) [138], reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) [172][173][174][175], direct recoil spectroscopy (DRS) [176], and scanning tunneling microscopy [177][178][179][180][181], to name only a few. In addition, an increasing number of theoretical studies and simulations have been conducted [101,[182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190].…”

Section: Molecular Insights Into Il/gas and Il/support Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

2014

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Ionic liquids (ILs), salts with melting points below 100°C, represent a fascinating class of liquid materials typically characterized by an extremely low vapor pressure. Besides their application as new solvents or as electrolytes for electrochemical purposes, there are two important concepts of using ILs in catalysis: Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis and IL thin film catalysis. Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis enables either a very efficient manner to apply catalytic ILs, e.g. in Friedel-Crafts reactions, or to apply ionic transition metal catalyst solutions. In both cases, phase separation after reaction allows an easy separation of reaction products and catalyst re-use. One problem of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis is mass transfer limitation. If the chemical reaction is much faster than the liquid-liquid mass transfer the latter limits the overall reaction rate. This problem is overcome in IL thin film catalysis where diffusion pathways and thus the characteristic time of diffusion are short. Here, Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) and Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) are the two most important concepts. In both, a high surface area solid substrate is covered with a thin IL film, which contains either a homogeneously dissolved transition metal complex for SILP, or which modifies catalytically active surface sites at the support for SCILL. In each concept, interface phenomena play a very important role: These may concern the interface of an IL phase with an organic phase in the case of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis. For IL thin film catalysis, the interfaces of the IL with the gas phase and with catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials are of critical importance. It has recently been demonstrated that these interfaces and also the bulk of ILs can be investigated in great detail using surface science studies, which greatly contributed to the fundamental understanding of the catalytic properties of ILs and supported IL materials. Exemplary results concerning the IL/vacuum or IL/gas interface, the solubility and surface enrichment of dissolved metal complexes, the IL/support interface and the in situ monitoring of chemical reactions in ILs are presented.

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“…For conventional RBS measurements (E 0 = 1-2 MeV), depth resolution of 10-20 nm can be achieved depending on the projectiles and target materials. By optimizing energy resolution of the detector-analyzer system, the depth resolution can reach the level of sub-nanometer, which is beneficial for precise thickness analysis of thin films [15,16]. RBS spectra are analyzed by standard ion beam analysis codes of SIMNRA [17] or DataFurnace [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of doping uniformity of a 200 kV ion implanter by RBS and sheet resistance measurements

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

NUCL SCI TECH

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Abstracts The ion implantation uniformity is of vital importance for an ion implanter. In this paper, we report the, uniformity measurement for a large current ion implanter (LC-16 type) by implanting of 190-keV Ar ions into Si to 3 9 10 16 atoms/cm 2 , followed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and sheet resistance measurement providing quantitative information on spatial distribution of dopants. The implant doses obtained from RBS at selected points of the sample give a spatial uniformity of \5 %, which are confirmed by the sheet resistance measurement. While sheet resistance is an indirect method for dose evaluation of ion-implanted samples, RBS provides a competent technique for calibration of the ion implantation system. And both measurements show that good uniformity can be achieved for the ion implanter by tuning of the scanning process.

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Surface characterization of imidazolium ionic liquids by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Theoretical reconstruction and elementwise analysis of photoelectron spectra for imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Theoretical reconstruction and elementwise analysis of photoelectron spectra for imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

Study of doping uniformity of a 200 kV ion implanter by RBS and sheet resistance measurements

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