Surface Characteristics of Metals and Waveguide Attenuation at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies Between 25 and 160 GHz

Hybrid 3-D-Printing Technology for Tunable THz Applications

“…Tischer [40], [41] and Huang et al [42] demonstrated through measurements and simulations, respectively, how surface properties adversely affect performance at THz frequencies. Surface roughness will increase insertion loss significantly, due to the increase in the effective surface resistance of the internal waveguide walls.…”