Surface Characteristics of High Translucent Multilayered Dental Zirconia Related to Aging

Toma, Flavia Roxana; Bîrdeanu, Mihaela; Uţu, Ion Dragoş; Vasiliu, Roxana Diana; Moleriu, Lavinia Cristina; Porojan, Liliana

doi:10.3390/ma15103606

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. These findings were in agreement with previous results [28]. They evaluated the surface characteristics of different layers of multi-layered translucent zirconia materials and found no significant difference between the tested layers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Vickers Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Translucent Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Materials

Alfahed

Alayad

2023

Coatings

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This study evaluated the effects of the sintering temperature on Vickers microhardness and three-point flexural strength values of two multi-layered zirconia materials. Multi-layered zirconia systems with four distinct layers were selected: DD cube ONE ML (4Y-TZP) and DD cubeX2 ML (5Y-TZP). In total, 96 plate-shaped A2-shade specimens were obtained using individual layers of these two zirconia materials. The individual layers were then divided equally into batches with three different sintering temperatures (1300, 1450, and 1600 °C), and the Vickers microhardness was assessed. Another group of 72 bar-shaped specimens was prepared from the same materials. These were similarly divided into three different sintering temperatures, and the flexural strength was assessed. SEM was used to conduct fractographic analyses. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software with a p-value < 0.05. The microhardness and flexural strength of 4Y-TZP were higher than those of the 5Y-TZP at all the sintering temperatures. A significant difference was found in the microhardness and flexural strength values between groups sintered at different sintering temperatures (p < 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were found at 1450 °C (p < 0.05). The microhardness values of different layers were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The sintering temperature and type of ceramic material significantly affected the microhardness and flexural strength. However, the layers did not significantly affect the microhardness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Hence, they had similar microstructures, leading to similar Vickers hardness values. The only difference found between the layers was in the pigment composition [5,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Vickers Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Translucent Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Materials

Alfahed

Alayad

2023

Coatings

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“…Previous studies have revealed that during the aging process, the surface roughness increases more for super translucency zirconia (STM-4 mol%) and less or not at all for super-high translucency zirconia (CeZ-5 mol%). However, it has a rougher surface; the material is affected by the scattering effect, and the brightness decreases as the roughness increases [ 42 , 43 ]. An explanation for the decrease in TP and OP values for polished CeZ would be that the high roughness of the material negatively affects the appearance of the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Polishing, Glazing, and Aging on Optical Characteristics of Multi-Layered Dental Zirconia with Different Degrees of Translucency

Toma

Vasiliu

Porojan

2023

JFB

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(1) Background: Considering that the appearance of a dental material is an important factor that contributes to the success of prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical properties and color changes among the layers of three commercial zirconias, to compare the aspect of the polished and glazed surfaces before and after aging and to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal degradation on their aesthetics. (2) Methods: Forty-eight plate-shaped samples were sectioned from presintered blocks of each multilayer translucent zirconia with different Yttrium content: Ceramill Zolid fx ML (5 mol%) = CeZ, STML (4 mol%) = STM, IPS e.maxZirCAD CEREC/in Lab MT Multi (4 mol% + 5 mol%) = IPZ. The samples were sintered according to the recommendation of each manufacturer, and half (24) of them were polished and the other half (24) glazed on one of the surfaces. Each type was equally divided into one control and one aging group, and, for each material, this resulted in four groups (n = 12): polished-control, polished-autoclaved glazed-control, and glazed-autoclaved. The artificial aging was carried out with an autoclave and distilled water at 134 °C, 0.2 MPa for 1 h, and for optical parameters (TP, CR, OP) and color change (ΔE*) measurements on a black and white background in a CIE L*a*b* color system, a spectrophotometer was used. The specimens were evaluated in incisal, cervical, and medium areas on polished and glazed samples before and after the aging stage. Statistical analysis was achieved with a two-way ANOVA test, the unpaired t-test, and the paired t-test. (3) Results: Before and after aging, the mean TP values for polished samples were higher than the glazed ones. After aging, the mean TP values increased for all groups (except polished CeZ), and significant differences were reported for polished STM, IPZ. After LTD, the opalescence registered an increase for almost all groups (except polished CeZ, polished and glazed IPZ—medium area), and significant differences were reported for almost all groups (except STM—incisal, IPZ—cervical, medium areas). The levels of color change were between extremely slight to perceivable. (4) Conclusions: Optical properties of the selected multilayer zirconia were influenced by polishing and glazing as surface treatment and affected by artificial aging (CeZ the least); perceivable color changes for polished STM, IPZ were detected.

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“…The changes in the color and translucency characteristics of highly translucent monolithic zirconia were evaluated by ignoring the effects of cements, which could be considered a limitation of the present study . Moreover, multilayered 5Y-TZP with more than three layers has recently become available (Toma et al, 2022). Therefore, future studies are needed to investigate the effects of multiple firing cycles on the color and translucency characteristics of zirconia, including multilayered 5Y-TZP with over three layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of multiple firings on the color and translucency of monolithic zirconia

Jiang

Xu²,

Lu³

et al. 2023

Front. Mater.

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The effects of multiple firings on the color and translucency of monolithic zirconia were investigated in this paper. One hundred specimens were milled using three types of monolithic zirconia: multilayered zirconia (UTML, Katana) (UT), highly translucent zirconia (Organic Translucent, R + K) (OT), and nanosized zirconia (DIAZIR ST9810, Zhong Xin Tang Guo Ye) (ST). The group UT was divided into three subgroups: the incisal (UT-I), middle (UT-M), and cervical (UT-C). After sintering (T0), the specimens of each group (n = 20) were repeatedly fired 3 times. The L*, a*, and b* values were measured by using a spectrophotometer at T0, and after the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) firings. The translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), opalescence parameter (OP), and color difference (∆E00) were calculated and statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). The surface morphologies of the specimens were observed using SEM. Multiple firings significantly affected the OP and the ∆E00 values of the materials tested (both p < 0.001). The ∆E00 values of group ST at T1-T3 were greater than the 50%:50% acceptability threshold (∆E00 > 1.8). Moreover, multiple firings did not exhibit significant effects on the TP and contrast ratio values of any materials (both p > 0.05). The surface topographies of the specimens after multiple firings were quite similar. Changes in opalescence were found for the multilayered zirconia and nanosized zirconia after multiple firings, but the clinical significance was low. Clinically unacceptable color changes were found in the nanosized zirconia after multiple firings, which were attributed to the higher L* values and the lower b* values after multiple firings. However, the optical properties and composition of surface elements of multilayered 5Y-TZP with over three layers need to be investigated in future studies.

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Surface Characteristics of High Translucent Multilayered Dental Zirconia Related to Aging

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Vickers Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Translucent Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Materials

The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Vickers Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Translucent Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Materials

The Effect of Polishing, Glazing, and Aging on Optical Characteristics of Multi-Layered Dental Zirconia with Different Degrees of Translucency

Effect of multiple firings on the color and translucency of monolithic zirconia

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