Surface characterisation techniques in the study and conservation of art and archaeological artefacts: a review

Giumlía-Mair, Alessandra; Albertson, Charles; Boschian, Giovanni; Giachi, G.; Iacomussi, Paola; Pallecchi, Pasquino; Rossi, G.; Shugar, Aaron; Stock, Susan

doi:10.1179/175355510x12850784228001

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Colorimetric characterisation allows a first superficial corrosion products discrimination: points of measurement can be divided in two typology into CIEL*a*b* space as white-yellow-brown (WYB) areas or black-green-azure (BGA) ones. Furthermore the scientific definition of the colour should be considered a fundamental phase, useful to track unavoidable variations due to restoration and also the artefact optic behaviour over time [5]. XRF measurements were conducted in the same areas defined by colorimetry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion products characterisation aimed at restoration of Bronze Age metal artefacts from Garda Lake

Labate

Sirello²,

Longhi

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Conservation is a complex field that needs an exchange of views among different professionals including archaeologists, conservators, restorers and scientists. Diagnostic analyses can give useful information able to lay down the documentation about the artefacts conservation status before and after the restoration; to define the restoration plan and to lead to the most suitable conservation strategies, materials and methods; to evaluate and track the restoration work and to reproduce it in similar contexts. For all of these reasons, a scientific restoration treatments on cultural heritage need materials and alteration products characterisation as a propaedeutic phase. This awareness has guided the study approach of some Bronze Age metal findings from Garda Lake, analysed in order to know the nature of corrosion products in case of upcoming restoration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion products characterisation aimed at restoration of Bronze Age metal artefacts from Garda Lake

Labate

Sirello²,

Longhi

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Although bronze patinas are widely found in cultural heritage objects, they are normally characterised based on their chemical composition, using analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, particle induced X-ray emission [1], Raman microscopy [6], scanning electron microscopy [7] and others [8]. To the authors knowledge, there have not been extensive works on the characterisation of the visual appearance of bronze patinas using imaging techniques.…”

Section: Visual Appearance In Cultural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other cultural heritage materials that have been studied in terms of their visual appearance by performing goniometric measurements are polychrome wood [9] and paint and varnish [10]. Although surface characterisation is strategic for studies in conservation [8], this is not frequently done as most goniometric investigations of optical properties of surfaces are mostly performed considering industrial materials.…”

Section: Visual Appearance In Cultural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

Image-based goniometric appearance characterisation of bronze patinas

Arteaga¹,

Boust²,

Dequier³

et al. 2021

cic

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Patinas are a form of metal polychromy used to decorate metallic artworks. Due to the nature of the metallic surface, their colour and gloss is perceived differently when the illumination and viewing directions vary. Sparkle effect on surfaces is a physical phenomenom caused by micro-facets on the surface coating which are also perceived with changing viewing and illumination geometry. In this paper, a method designed for the measurement of sparkle is applied for the goniometric characterisation of bronze patinas. Using a set of six different patinas, in three colours and two surface finishes, it is found that these surfaces exhibit different appearance when illuminated and viewed at different angles. Moreover, the roughness of the patinas is measured and as expected, as the roughness increases the specular reflection peak decreases. The experiment is repeated at two different institutions with different sets of equipment to test its repeatability and robustness. The sparkle is presented as a function of the angle of tilting, and it is characterised by its maximum value and full-width halfmaximum. It is found that the maximum and the roughness have a negative exponential relationship whereas the full-width halfmaximum and the roughness have a linear relationship.

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“…To maximize such information, Conservation Scientists adopt a multianalytical approach that consists of investigation of the same sample by a list of complementary analytical techniques applied in sequence. This allows characterization of both the inorganic (i.e., crystalline or amorphous) and organic compounds inside the different paint layers (Giumlia-Mair et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Conservation Science: Phase Identification of Pigments in Paint Layers

et al. 2013

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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used in Conservation Science for characterization of ancient materials collected from works of art. The results demonstrate the feasibility of EBSD analysis on heterogeneous matrices as very small samples of paint layers collected from paintings. Two reference pigments were selected from those used by artists to investigate the relationship existing between EBSD pattern quality and properties of the investigated material (i.e., average atomic number, density, and Mohs hardness). The technique was also tested to investigate the pigment phases on two real samples collected from Romanino's Santa Giustina altarpiece, an oil on wood painting dated 1514 (Civic Museum, Padova, Italy). Results show for the first time the acquisition of EBSD patterns from painting samples mounted in resin, i.e., painting cross sections, opening a new powerful tool to elucidate the pigment phases avoiding large sampling on works of arts and to further study the complex mechanisms of pigment deterioration.

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Surface characterisation techniques in the study and conservation of art and archaeological artefacts: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Corrosion products characterisation aimed at restoration of Bronze Age metal artefacts from Garda Lake

Corrosion products characterisation aimed at restoration of Bronze Age metal artefacts from Garda Lake

Image-based goniometric appearance characterisation of bronze patinas

Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Conservation Science: Phase Identification of Pigments in Paint Layers

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