Surface-catalyzed formation of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans during incineration

Dickson, L.C.; Lenoir, Dieter; Hutzinger, O.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90324-x

Cited by 67 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1 shows that Factor1 explains the major congeners of IWIa, IWIb, and MWI; while both Factor1 and Factor2 explain the major congeners of MSWI, CK, and CR. Chlorinecontaining wastes and precursors are known to be responsible for the formation of PCDD/Fs (Dickson et al, 1989;Milligan and Altwicker, 1993); therefore, Factor1 and Factor2 may likely represent these two factors-chlorine-containing wastes and precursors; the latter is associated with the products of incomplete combustion. Notably, formation of PCDD/Fs in relatively low temperatures (250-350 o C) in dust-control device is also one important mechanism (Dickson et al, 1992;Luijk et al, 1994).…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Stationary Sources

Kao

Chen

Chang-Chien

et al. 2006

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This work investigated the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in stack-flue gases from six stationary emission sources in five types of incinerators: industrial waste incinerator (IWI), small-scale municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), medical waste incinerator (MWI), cement kilns (CK), and crematories (CR). These characteristics were further investigated using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Experimental results reveal that PCDDs dominate MSWI and CR, and PCDFs dominate IWIa, IWIb, CK and MWIs. The factor analysis results showed that CR and MSWI have similar fingerprints, as do IWIb and MWI3. The cluster analysis showed that if a vertical line is cut at a rescaled distance of four, then the PCDD/F congener profiles fall into four groups. The indicators of PCDD/Fs are OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7, 2,3,4,7, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,. The emission factors of PCDD/Fs herein were from 0.0433 (CK) to 18.7 (MSWI) μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock.

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Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Stationary Sources

Kao

Chen

Chang-Chien

et al. 2006

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Formation of PCDD from trichlorophenols and pentachlorophenol on fly ash is possible in Nz (30). Phenol on CuC12 forms PCDD in 90%Nz/10%02 (27) as does pentachlorophenol on fly ash in air (32).…”

Section: Influence Of Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Addink¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

328

192

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“…The following three mechanisms account for PCDD/F emissions from incinerators: 1) High-temperature gas phase formation (300-600°C) (Everaert and Baeyens, 2002); 2) Formation from precursors, such as chlorophenols, polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, and chlorobenzenes (Lustenhouwer et al, 1980;Hutzinger et al, 1985). For instance, chlorophenols are good surrogates for the toxicity equivalence (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs during different incineration processes (Tuppurainen et al, 2000); 3) Formation by de novo synthesis in the low-temperature post-combustion zone (200-400°C) through residue carbon or metal catalysts in the fly ash reaction (Dickson et al, 1989;Everaert and Baeyens, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

Wang

Lin

Chang-Chien

2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although numerous investigations have monitored polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from large municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and undertaken laboratory experiments to identify the formation mechanisms of PCDD/F, the PCDD/F profiles inside an air-pollution control device have seldom been determined. This study presents the outcome of a dioxin abatement program that injected particulate activated carbon (PAC) into an MSWI. The fly ashes collected from different locations in a bag filter were examined and the mass distribution was determined. Emissions from the stack were sampled to analyze PCDD/F content after injections of 10, 13 and 17 kg/h PAC. The concentration of PCDD congeners decreased from 117.00 to 0.32 ng/Nm 3 and that of PCDF decreased from 94.84 to 0.19 ng/Nm 3 . The concentrations of filter cake ashes in different chambers and at different locations varied at 105.11-147.53 ng/g. Based on mass balance evaluation, the flow rate of PCDD/Fs in filter cake ash was 3.33 ± 0.50 ng/min; this value was roughly six times higher than that of fly ash in the disposal pit, indicating that filter cake ash treatment warrants considerable attention due to the policy for controlling PCDD/Fs.

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Surface-catalyzed formation of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans during incineration

Cited by 67 publications

References 6 publications

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Stationary Sources

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Stationary Sources

Mechanisms of Formation and Destruction of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Heterogeneous Systems

Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

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