Surface-attached sulfonamide containing quaternary ammonium antimicrobials for textiles and plastics

Abstract

A series of surface attached silane or benzophenone sulfonamide quaternary ammonium antimicrobials show potent efficacy at solid/air and solid/liquid interfaces.

Access to thermally robust and abrasion resistant antimicrobial plastics: synthesis of UV-curable phosphonium small molecule coatings and extrudable additives

“…10,17 Tethered cationic biocides have been shown to have excellent antimicrobial efficacy in a variety of simulated environments. [18][19][20][21] A tethered approach is advantageous as it greatly reduces initial microbial attachment via mechanophysical modes of action, hypothesized to function as a long chain "polymeric spacer" or a charge-based "phospholipid sponge". 19,22,23 While these immobilized cationic surface coatings have exceptional antimicrobial capacities, few possess this property in conjunction with substantial durability to abrasion and other stressors, highlighting a limitation of these coatings.…”

Antimicrobial Testing of Dry Surfaces through Large Droplet Inoculation

“…The protocol has since been successfully employed to test the antimicrobial properties of sulfonamide QACs, as well as QAC polymeric systems and related phosphonium derivatives. [12][13][14] These studies allowed for optimization of the procedure which improved the reproducibility of the results. The drying process was adjusted to allow the droplet to air dry unassisted rather than under laminar air ow in a biosafety cabinet, which extended the drying time from 3 to 24 hours.…”

“…A variation of the protocol, named the Liquid Reservoir Inoculum (LRI) method, was also developed to examine the adhesion of microbial bio lms to antimicrobial-treated surfaces under aqueous conditions. 12 The LDI protocol reliably demonstrates the antimicrobial effects of ionic coatings and has been developed with adaptability in mind. 10,[12][13][14] While the simplest application of the protocol examines the survival of pure cultures on antimicrobial-treated and control surfaces, co-cultures and microbial communities could also be used as inocula, as demonstrated in the development work that led to this method.…”

“…12 The LDI protocol reliably demonstrates the antimicrobial effects of ionic coatings and has been developed with adaptability in mind. 10,[12][13][14] While the simplest application of the protocol examines the survival of pure cultures on antimicrobial-treated and control surfaces, co-cultures and microbial communities could also be used as inocula, as demonstrated in the development work that led to this method. 6 The protocol could also incorporate swabbing to collect surviving cells from the surface samples, particularly when the surface material could be damaged by the prescribed saline vortex collection method.…”

Evaluation of Virucidal Activity of Residual Quaternary Ammonium-treated Surfaces on SARS-CoV-2

“…[19,20] The preventive role of fixed quaternary ammonium antimicrobials on hard or porous surfaces to kill and prevent the buildup of microbial pathogens and biofilms has been well established against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in our research group. [21,22] Surface-anchored C18 quaternary ammonium cations to metals, plastics and glass materials have also been extensively studied and have been demonstrated to be effective in killing on contact. [23,24] Antiviral agents for use on inanimate surfaces have been the subject of research and commercial activities since the 1950s, however only a few successful antiviral studies have been undertaken with coatings made with these materials on treated surfaces.…”