Surface atmospheric electric field variability on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Electric State of the Surface Atmosphere in the Mountain–Steppe Landscapes of Southern Siberia According to the Measurement Data in the Khakass–Tyva Expedition in 2022

“…A comparison of daily variations in ∇φ at expedition observation sites with daily variations in ∇φ at stationary observation sites in regions with similar physical-geographical conditions and time zones (from UTC+5 to UTC+8) showed the following. Daily variations in ∇φ at our observation sites, especially in the afternoon hours, are qualitatively similar to the daily variations observed at stations located on the West Siberian Plain and the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau [21], the Tibetan Plateau [22], and the foothills and slopes of the Himalayas in Northern India [69] and Pakistan [70,71]. At all continental observation sites under good weather conditions, the increase in ∇φ in the daytime and the appearance of the main maximum is caused by radiative heating of the surface, the amplification of convective movements, increased turbulent mixing, and, accordingly, the spatial redistribution of aerosols.…”

Observations and Variability of Near-Surface Atmospheric Electric Fields across Multiple Stations

“…The near-surface atmospheric electric field (AEF) is a fundamental and vital variable in atmospheric electricity [1,2], which reflects distribution status of atmospheric static charges in the surrounding environment. In addition, it serves as a crucial foundation for studying solar activities, understanding the relationship between global atmospheric circuit models and climate change, monitoring earthquake precursors [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and issuing of thunderstorm warnings [13][14][15]. Wilson et al [16] proposed a global atmospheric circuit model in 1921, highlighting that the intensity of fair-weather atmospheric electric fields is influenced not only by underground radioactive materials such as radon but also by galactic cosmic rays, solar cosmic rays, relativistic electrons, and solar activity [17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…The average fair-weather AEF value in Antarctica was significantly higher than that in Beijing by 370 V/m. Consequently, Li et al [25] conducted a detailed discussion on the reasons for these differences. They utilized AEF datasets and meteorological data, including relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and visibility, at Gar Station (80.13 • E, 32.52 • N, 4259 m above sea level) on the Tibetan Plateau during November 2021 to October 2022.…”

Atmospheric Charge Separation Mechanism Due to Gas Release from the Crust before an Earthquake

“…In general, precursor signals of electromagnetic emissions emerge in geospace 1 to 40 days before an EQ [10,11], precursor signals of acoustic emissions emerge in geospace 1 to 30 days before an EQ and precursor signals of thermal emissions emerge in geospace 1 to 30 days before an EQ [12]. Atmospheric electrostatic field monitoring has recently become increasingly popular and has been widely studied [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Precursor signals of ionized emissions emerge in geospace 2 to 48 days before an EQ.…”