Surface-assisted photoalignment control of lyotropic liquid crystals. Part 2. Photopatterning of aqueous solutions of a water-soluble anti-asthmatic drug as lyotropic liquid crystalsFor Part 1, see ref. 4.

Fujiwara, Takenori; Ichimura, Kunihiro

doi:10.1039/b208311f

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[ 69,70 ] PMAz combined with DSCG requires the use of a surfactant to align the LCLC. [ 60 ] By using Triton X-100 as a surfactant, we were able to generate perfectly ordered in-plane aligned domains of DSCG on the photopatterned PMAz command layer. [ 60 ] By using Triton X-100 as a surfactant, we were able to generate perfectly ordered in-plane aligned domains of DSCG on the photopatterned PMAz command layer.…”

Section: Full Spatial Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning of Soft Matter across Multiple Length Scales

Asdonk

Hendrikse

Romera

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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2609wileyonlinelibrary.com at the moment. [ 2,7,8 ] While the order within an assembly (nanometer scale) is extremely high, when dispersed, most supramolecular materials form macroscopically isotropic assemblies. Moreover, spatial control at device dimensions is challenging. Examples where such control is highly benefi cial or even crucial for device performance are in optoelectronic devices [8][9][10] and in tissue engineering, where a macroscopically organized polymer scaffold is necessary for the growth of highly aligned tissue, such as muscle fi bers and neural tissue. [11][12][13][14] So far, different strategies toward macroscopic alignment of polymeric and supramolecular materials have been developed, including photolithography, [ 15,16 ] soft lithography, [ 3,16 ] electrospinning, [17][18][19] electric [20][21][22][23] and magnetic [ 24,25 ] fi eld alignment, as well as shear fl ow alignment. [ 9,11 ] These techniques all have demonstrated their benefi ts, but also strong limitations such as incompatibility with (aqueous) soft matter, low susceptibilities, and/or poor spatial control across multiple length scales.In this manuscript, we use liquid crystal (LC) templating with patternable substrates to obtain full spatial control in our self-assembled materials. This approach has numerous advantages: (i) it does not depend on specifi c interactions between the assembly and the template and thus it can be applied to a wide range of materials; (ii) any desired (hierarchical) structure can be imprinted on the substrate and reproduced in the assembly; (iii) the desired product can be (chemically) modifi ed after organization (in our case to generate optically active π-conjugated polymers); and (iv) the template can be removed which only leaves the functional material on the substrate. In nonaqueous solvents (bulk thermotropic liquid crystals), the concept of LC templating was demonstrated successfully [ 10,[26][27][28][29][30][31] but in aqueous solutions unidirectional alignment at large length scales is rarely realized, let alone locally controlled. [ 32 ] The limited success in water is related to the amphiphilic lyotropic LCs that are notoriously diffi cult to align on commonly used substrates such as rubbed polyimide. [ 33,34 ] In addition, these lyotropic LCs are incompatible with electric fi elds (because of dielectric and Joule heating as well electrochemical degradation), and they can interfere with the desired self-assembly process of a supramolecular material. [ 35 ] To overcome these disadvantages, we use a template of a lyotropic chromonic LC (LCLC) which is a rigid plank-like molecule Controlling the organization of functional supramolecular materials at both short and long length scales as well as creating hierarchical patterns is essential for many biological and electrooptical applications. It remains however an extremely challenging objective to date, particularly in water-based systems. In this work, it is demonstrated that water-processable self-assembling materials can be organized from mic...

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Section: Full Spatial Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning of Soft Matter across Multiple Length Scales

Asdonk

Hendrikse

Romera

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Planar alignment of the nematic phase of chromonic liquid crystals has been achieved by polarized photo-irradiation of an azo-polymer thin film [13,14], rubbing a polymer coating [7,15], evaporating a SiO X layer [15], and fabricating a surface of closely spaced ridges as in Refs. [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar anchoring strength and pitch measurements in achiral and chiral chromonic liquid crystals using 90-degree twist cells

et al. 2013

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Chromonic liquid crystals are formed by molecules that spontaneously assemble into anisotropic structures in water. The ordering unit is therefore a molecular assembly instead of a molecule as in thermotropic liquid crystals. Although it has been known for a long time that certain dyes, drugs, and nucleic acids form chromonic liquid crystals, only recently has enough knowledge been gained on how to control their alignment so that studies of their fundamental liquid crystal properties can be performed. In this article, a simple method for producing planar alignment of the nematic phase in chromonic liquid crystals is described, and this in turn is used to create twisted nematic structures of both achiral and chiral chromonic liquid crystals. The optics of 90-degree twist cells allows the anchoring strength to be measured in achiral systems, which for this alignment technique is quite weak, about 3×10(-7) J/m(2) for both disodium cromoglycate and Sunset Yellow FCF. The addition of a chiral amino acid to the system causes the chiral nematic phase to form, and similar optical measurements in 90-degree twist cells produce a measurement of the intrinsic pitch of the chiral nematic phase. From these measurements, the helical twisting power for L-alanine is found to be (1.1±0.4)×10(-2) μm(-1) wt%(-1) for 15 wt% disodium cromoglycate.

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“…There is no critical concentration for the formation of aggregates or optimum size of aggregates [4,5]. Chromonic liquid crystals have potential applications as colour filters, linear polarisers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], optical compensators [13,14], retarders, micropatterns of anisotropic aromatic materials [15][16][17][18][19] and biosensors [20][21][22][23]. The synthesis and study of new chromonic mesogens with useful properties are important for providing the building blocks of new functional materials and for furthering our knowledge of the structural factors that govern chromonic liquid-crystalline properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic perylene-3,4-dicarboximide as chromonic mesogens and the use of a fluorescence technique in determining phase-transition temperatures

Huang

Tam-Chang

2010

Liquid Crystals

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We report a study of the chromonic liquid-crystalline properties of 2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)ethylperylene-3,4-dicarboximide formate (1) in aqueous solution by polarised optical microscopy (POM), 2 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compound 1 shows chromonic liquid-crystalline properties at concentrations higher than 4 wt% at room temperature. We showed that fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to determine the concentration-dependent, phase-transition temperatures of this chromonic liquid crystal. The values determined by fluorescence spectroscopy are consistent with the values determined by 2 H NMR spectroscopy and POM.

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Surface-assisted photoalignment control of lyotropic liquid crystals. Part 2. Photopatterning of aqueous solutions of a water-soluble anti-asthmatic drug as lyotropic liquid crystalsFor Part 1, see ref. 4.

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Patterning of Soft Matter across Multiple Length Scales

Patterning of Soft Matter across Multiple Length Scales

Planar anchoring strength and pitch measurements in achiral and chiral chromonic liquid crystals using 90-degree twist cells

Ionic perylene-3,4-dicarboximide as chromonic mesogens and the use of a fluorescence technique in determining phase-transition temperatures

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