Surface area and water vapor sorption of macrocrystalline cellulose

Zografi, George; Kontny, Mark J.; Yang, Anna; Brenner, Gerald S.

doi:10.1016/0378-5173(84)90111-x

Cited by 169 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The results on K a are from 0.086 to 0.104 and K b 0.341 to 0.558. Higher surface energy parameters can be attributed to increased amorphicity of the sample as known from the literature on lactose or indomethacin (22,23 One of the simplest means of studying the interactions of water molecules with powdered polymeric materials are moisture sorption isotherms obtained by the dynamic vapour sorption analysis (24). The results on water vapour sorption on all the measured MCCs are in good agreement with previously published results.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of MCC Powders That Could Influensupporting

confidence: 80%

Influence of different types of commercially available microcrystalline cellulose on degradation of perindopril erbumine and enalapril maleate in binary mixtures / Vpliv različnih tipov komercialno dostopne mikrokristalne celuloze na razpad erbuminijevega perindoprilata in enalaprilijevega maleata v binarnih zmeseh

Vehovec¹,

Gartner²,

Planinšek³

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Numerous types of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are available on the market for a variety of uses in pharmaceutical industry. They can be used as adsorbents, anti-adherents, binders/diluents and tablet disintegrants (1). On the industrial scale, MCC is obtained by hydrolysis of wood and cotton cellulose using dilute mineral acids. The treated pulp is then rinsed and spray-dried with or without an additional process step such as milling. Cellulose from different sources differs in the properties such as crystallinity, moisture content, surface area, porous structure, molecular mass. These properties can be also affected by the conditions of hydrolysis. Preparations of MCC from materials other than wood and cotton (e.g., water hyacinth, coconut shells, wheat and rice straws, etc.) have also been reported (2). Influence of some commercially available types of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the stability of certain active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), when in contact, has been investigated. Two structurally similar APIs, perindopril erbumine (PER) and enalapril maleate (EM), both well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were used. The main properties of an MCC that could determine the stability for each API were measured and correlated to the stability of these two APIs in binary mixtures. The stability of these APIs differed when in contact with different types of MCC. The dominant properties of MCC from one manufacturer were surface features that influenced the stability of PER and acidity that influenced the stability of EM. In the case of MCC from other manufacturers, unbound water was stability determining for both substances.

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Section: Physicochemical Properties Of MCC Powders That Could Influensupporting

confidence: 80%

Influence of different types of commercially available microcrystalline cellulose on degradation of perindopril erbumine and enalapril maleate in binary mixtures / Vpliv različnih tipov komercialno dostopne mikrokristalne celuloze na razpad erbuminijevega perindoprilata in enalaprilijevega maleata v binarnih zmeseh

Vehovec¹,

Gartner²,

Planinšek³

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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“…For Avicel PH 102, which is known to exhibit a type II isotherm, the W m values obtained in our experiment are similar to those found in the literature. [15][16][17][18] High values of W m obtained in these studies indicate that more than one layer of water molecules is sorbed on compounds at declared experimental conditions. Since higher values of the constant C reflect the suitability of the model used, 4,22) the lower values of C obtained in the case of all excipients, except Avicel PH 102, mean that their isotherms fit more to a type III isotherm category.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…[10][11][12][13] Due to the above mentioned reasons the GAB isotherm has been recommended as the fundamental equation for water sorption by foods. 14) With regard to pharmaceutical additives, there is not much information in the literature except for cellulose, starch and their derivatives, [15][16][17][18] so the main objective of our work was to evaluate the sorption behaviour of several pharmaceutically important excipients. Both approaches to the study of moisture sorption behaviour are presented, with the aim of finding the most suitable model for forecasting the sorption behaviour of studied compound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Moisture Sorption Behaviour of Several Excipients by BET, GAB and Microcalorimetric Approaches

Roškar

Kmetec

2005

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Moisture content of solid-state pharmaceutical products is one of the main factors that affect drug stability, therefore suitable sorption studies need to be performed to assure drug quality throughout their shelf life. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) models are usually used for this purpose. Using gravimetrically obtained data, both methods were applied in the present work to evaluate the sorption characteristics of several excipients. Microcalorimetric analysis was also performed in order to evaluate the interaction between water and the substances. The results of these experiments show excellent agreement between data and the BET model up to 55% RH and the GAB model over the entire humidity range, confirmed by high values of the statistical determination coefficients. Furthermore, microcalorimetric measurements suggested that the hygroscopicity of solid materials could be estimated approximately using this approach.

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“…Hence, it was more appropriate to correct the calculated M o values for the fraction of non-crystalline component. 19) Corrected M o values, M o(corr) , were also presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-formulation Studies on Moisture Absorption in Microcrystalline Cellulose Using Differential Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis

Heng

Liew

Soh

2004

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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An excipient of considerable interest to the pharmaceutical industry is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). MCC plays a critical and almost indispensable role in the production of spheroids containing drugs. Spheroids are highly desirable as they have defined surface areas and are best suited for the development of controlled release products. Besides, they possess excellent bulk handling and processing properties because of good flow properties and low friability.It is not fully understood how or why MCC possesses such unique qualities to facilitate the process of spheronisation. However, it is widely believed that it acts like a molecular sponge or water repository that helps to distribute water during spheronisation and, in turn, enable the extrudates to be rounded off into spheroids. 1)Inter-grade variability of MCC has been well-documented and much of this was attributed to the differences in the source, composition of plant material and processing conditions employed in its manufacture. [2][3][4][5][6] This variability is subsequently reflected as differences in their fundamental physical properties, such as particle size and size distribution, crystallinity, micromeritic properties and compressibility parameters such as bulk and tapped densities. The resultant inconsistencies in quality of starting materials compromised control of process parameters during pharmaceutical manufacture, causing considerable loss of time and resources due to products that fail to meet specifications. The importance of pre-formulation studies could not be over-emphasized.Common thermal analytical techniques include differential thermo-gravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DTG provides quantitative analysis of the reactions by measuring the change in weight while DTA measures the temperature difference between the reference and the test sample. DSC on the other hand measures the heat flow in and out of the sample. Pharmaceutical applications of thermal analysis and coupled techniques were studied by Giron.7) The important uses of techniques such as DSC, DTG and DTA included identification, purity determination and study of polymorphism in bioactive and excipients. The study of water-MCC interaction has been pursued with great interest over the years.8-10) Thermal behavior of MCC, MCC/water or MCC/lactose/water blends using DTG has been reported by a few researchers.11,12) It was found that particle size influenced the degree of water binding ability between the different MCC grades. Particle morphology such as particle size and shape, surface area and surface roughness can also be critical in influencing the strength of cohesive forces acting on the powder particles. 13)Water was believed to associate with celluloses in a triphasic process. Firstly, water binds to adjacent anhydroglucose units of the MCCs, forming 2 hydrogen bonds in the process. As the water content increases, some of the initial bonds between water and the cellulose molecules would be broken, vacating...

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Surface area and water vapor sorption of macrocrystalline cellulose

Cited by 169 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of the Moisture Sorption Behaviour of Several Excipients by BET, GAB and Microcalorimetric Approaches

Pre-formulation Studies on Moisture Absorption in Microcrystalline Cellulose Using Differential Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis

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