Surface applied lime dynamics and base saturation index in a consolidated no-tillage area

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of chemical properties and crop yields during five years after liming, in a consolidated no-tillage system area and indicate a base saturation index to serve as a criterion for recommendation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, being the treatments the five lime doses (0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 Mg ha -1 ) applied and maintained on the soil surface. Soil chemical properties were evaluated in eight soil sampling, in the layers 0 to 0.025; 0.025 to 0.05; 0.05 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.15; 0.15 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, besides crop grain yield (wheat, soybean and corn) and black oat dry matter yield, totaling five years of evaluation. The surface liming in no-tillage system increased the exchangeable magnesium and calcium contents, base saturation and soil pH and reduced the exchangeable aluminum content. The cumulative grain yield (six crops) and black oat dry matter yield (three crops) was not influenced by liming. These results suggested, from this study conditions, that the value of 50% of base saturation should be adopted as a criterion for liming for crops implanted under consolidated no-tillage systems.Key words: Aluminium, Liming, Chemical characteristics, Liming recommendation. Dinâmica do calcário aplicado superficialmente e índice de saturação por bases em plantio direto consolidado ResumoO objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento das propriedades químicas do solo e rendimento de culturas ao longo de cinco anos após calagem, em sistema de plantio direto consolidado, e sugerir um índice de saturação por bases que sirva de critério para recomendação. O experimento foi conduzido num delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo que os tratamentos foram cinco doses de calcário (0, 2,4, 4,8, 7,2 e 9,6 Mg ha -1 ) aplicadas em superfície. Avaliaram-se os atributos químicos do solo em oito coletas de solo, nas camadas de 0,0 a 0,025; 0,025 a 0,05; 0,05 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,15; 0,15 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m e a produtividade de grãos das culturas (trigo, soja e milho) e a massa seca de aveia preta, totalizando cinco anos de avaliação. A calagem superficial em sistema plantio direto aumentou os teores de magnésio e cálcio trocáveis, saturação por bases e o pH do solo e reduziu o teor de alumínio trocável. A calagem não elevou os rendimentos acumulados tanto de grãos (seis cultivos), como de massa seca de aveia (três cultivos). Sugere-se, a partir das condições encontradas neste trabalho, que o valor de 50% de saturação por bases seja adotado como critério de calagem para as principais culturas implantadas sob sistema de plantio direto consolidado.Palavras-chave: Alumínio, Calagem, Características químicas, Recomendação de calagem.

Forms of lime application and use of phosphogypsum in low acid soil in southern Brazil: soybean-wheat yield and soil chemical properties

“…Throughout the seasons, the different base saturation tested (50, 60, 70, and 90 %) and the different forms of lime application (SL and IL) did not significantly change the soybean and wheat yields (Figure 9). Bortolini et al (2016) mentioned that base saturation of 50 % must be adopted as the liming criterion for the main crops grown under consolidated NT. Our results show that, although IL acts on the acidity at deeper soil layers, it does not influence crop yield, suggesting that continuous NT promotes benefits that were maximized with phosphogypsum application for wheat yield and soil chemical properties.…”

Lime and phosphogypsum application management: changes in soil acidity, sulfur availability and crop yield

“…When the soil was managed under continuous NT (SL), no response to the BS% levels was observed for either corn or wheat (Figure 7). Bortolini et al (2016) mentioned that BS% 50 must be adopted as the liming criterion for the main crops grown under consolidated NT. Thus, in our study, BS% levels under this threshold (Bortolini et al, 2016) were not sufficiently low to limit crop yield, even BS% 44.…”

“…Bortolini et al (2016) mentioned that BS% 50 must be adopted as the liming criterion for the main crops grown under consolidated NT. Thus, in our study, BS% levels under this threshold (Bortolini et al, 2016) were not sufficiently low to limit crop yield, even BS% 44. Our results show that although IL acts on the acidity at deeper soil layers, it does not influence crop yield, suggesting that continuous NT promotes benefits that were maximized with GY application.…”