Surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel by acid beverages over time

Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of a cola-type soft drink and a soy-based orange juice on the surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel, as a function of the exposure time. Seventy-five primary incisors were divided for microhardness test (n=45) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (n=30). The specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1 - artificial saliva (control); 2 - cola-type soft drink; and 3 - soy-based orange juice. Immersion cycles in the beverages were undertaken under agitation for 5 min, 3 times a day, during 60 days. Surface microhardness was measured at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. After 60 days, specimens were bisected and subsurface microhardness was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 200 µm from the surface exposed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). Groups 2 and 3 presented similar decrease of surface microhardness. Regarding subsurface microhardness, group 2 presented the lowest values. SEM images revealed that after 60 days the surfaces clearly exhibited structural loss, unlike those immersed in artificial saliva. It may be concluded that erosion of the surfaces exposed to the cola-type soft drink was more accentuated and directly proportional to the exposure time.

Effect of foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel after erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid

“…However, the erosive potential of an acidic drink is not influenced only by the type of acid, but also by its buffering property, chelating property, and frequency and duration of intake. 10 The erosive effect of orange juice was observed in previous studies 8,9,11,14,16 by different protocols in relation to volume of liquid, length of exposure, duration of the erosive challenge, and salivary exposure. No study has evaluated the effect of orange juice or other foods and drinks after simulation of an endogenous erosive challenge in primary teeth, as was conducted in this study.…”

“…Pureed Fruit are practical, doughy foods offered to children by the spoonful; however, no studies have evaluated their potential and/or erosive effect. Studies have shown that orange juice has a high erosive potential 15 and an erosive effect, 8,9,11,12,16 due to its acidic nature, although it is considered a healthy drink. However, foods and drinks containing milk and, hence, high levels of calcium and phosphate (e.g., chocolate milk) are more likely to have a remineralising effect 11 on dental enamel.…”

Influence of Erosive and Abrasive Cycling on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Enamel: An In situ Study

“…It is important to state that the used challenge protocols were based on the simulation of erosion used mainly in in vitro investigations, which showed its impact on the surface based on profilometric and hardness assessments (4,17). However, its effect on bonding property and under in situ simulations was not discussed yet.…”

“…When enamel is somehow altered, changes in this substrate might affect the bond strength, failure mode, and the tag formation (16). Enamel solubility, in part, depends on the individual biologic variation in their structural arrangement and composition (4,13). However, some other factors also may be considered, as the enamel response to the frequent oral challenges and fluoride exposition for instance (21).…”

“…Erosion is primarily the result of the non-bacterial chemical attack usually involving acidic substances by intrinsic or extrinsic etiologies, which ultimately provokes the loss of dental hard tissue (2). In the beginning, it causes the softening of the surface (3) and its progression turns it more vulnerable to mechanical processes, and dental subsequent wear if not stopped (1)(2)(3)(4) In the consequence of an excessive or unusual increasing of the consumption of acidic beverages, erosive lesions have also been more evident (1,5,6). As it is a multifactorial process, the compromising level of this event depends on the balance between chemical, behavioral and biological risk factors (2,6).…”