Surface analysis of chemically-etched and plasma-treated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for biomedical applications

Ha, Suk-Woo; Hauert, Roland; Ernst, Karl‐Heinz; Wintermantel, E.

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(97)00179-5

Cited by 139 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[25][26][27] While airborne-particle abrasion results in an improvement of the microroughness of the substrate, 20 pretreatment with acids results in an increase of functional carbon-oxygen groups on the superficial layer of PEEK. 27,29 Sulfuric acid attacks the functional ether and carbonyl groups between the benzene rings, while the atomic oxygen (which emerges during the reaction of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) in piranha acid reacts directly with the benzene ring. 27 This results in more functional groups available to bond to components of the adhesive system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,26,28 Acid treatment leads to emerging carbon-oxygen compounds, thereby providing more functional groups to which the components of adhesive systems can bond. 29 In addition, a hydrolysis of the connecting ether and ketone linkages takes place. 27 For laboratory investigation of the bonding effectiveness between different materials, microtests or macrotests, depending on the bonding area of the investigated materials, can be used.…”

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confidence: 99%

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PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins

Stawarczyk

Jordan

Schmidlin

et al. 2014

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

168

191

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be used as a framework material for fixed dental prostheses. However, information about the durable bond to veneering resins is still scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical treatments of PEEK on tensile bond strength (TBS) to veneering resins with special emphasis on surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (SR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven-hundred fifty PEEK specimens were fabricated and divided into the following 3 pretreatment groups (n=250/group): etching with sulfuric acid for 60 seconds, etching with piranha acid for 30 seconds, and an unetched control. After pretreatment, SFE was determined by using contact angle measurements and SR with a profilometer (n=10/group). The topography of pretreated PEEK surfaces was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Remaining specimens (n=240 per group) were conditioned with visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond, or were left untreated as the control group. Half of each group was veneered with Sinfony or VITA VM LC (n=40/group), and TBS was measured after storage in distilled water at 37°C for either 24 hours or 60 days. Data were analyzed by 4-way and 1-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffé post hoc test and chi-square test (=.05). RESULTS PEEK specimens etched with sulfuric acid resulted in higher SFE and SR than specimens without pretreatment or etching with piranha acid. Etching with sulfuric acid or piranha acid led to no general recommendations with respect to TBS. Conditioning with visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond significantly increased the TBS (P<.001). PEEK veneered with Sinfony showed significantly higher TBS values than those veneered with VITA VM LC (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Sufficient TBS for bonding to veneering resin can only be achieved when additional adhesive materials were applied. ABSTRACTStatement of the problem. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be used to support fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). However, information about the durable bond to veneering resins is still scarce.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical treatments of PEEK on tensile bond strength (TBS) to veneering resins with special emphasis on surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (SR). Materials and methods.Seven-hundred-fifty PEEK specimens were fabricated and divided into the following 3 pretreatment groups (n=250/group): etching with sulfuric acid for 60 seconds, piranha acid for 30 seconds, and an unetched control. After pretreatment, SFE was determined by using contact angle measurements and SR with a profilometer (n=10/group).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins

Stawarczyk

Jordan

Schmidlin

et al. 2014

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

168

191

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“…Kapur et al also indicate that some selectively patterned three-dimensional polymer substrates may be useful in a variety of biomaterial applications [101]. Ha et al have modified the surface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by chemical etching or oxygen plasma treatment, and examined the resulting characteristics and properties of the surface [102]. Their results show that chemical etching or oxygen plasma treatment causes the surface topography to become irregular with higher roughness due to the spherulitic structure of PEEK and that the wetting angle and surface energy (mainly surface polarity) are increased due to surface oxygen.…”

Section: Surface Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four major effects [111]: (1) cleaning of organic contamination, (2) micro-etching, (3) cross-linking, and (4) surface activation. Clark and Hutton [112] have shown that a hydrogen plasma can rapidly defluorinate fluoropolymers to a depth of 2 nm.…”

Section: Ion Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

Chu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2002

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

1,406

652

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Plasma-surface modification (PSM) is an effective and economical surface treatment technique for many materials and of growing interests in biomedical engineering. This article reviews the various common plasma techniques and experimental methods as applied to biomedical materials research, such as plasma sputtering and etching, plasma implantation, plasma deposition, plasma polymerization, laser plasma deposition, plasma spraying, and so on. The unique advantage of plasma modification is that the surface properties and biocompatibility can be enhanced selectively while the bulk attributes of the materials remain unchanged. Existing materials can, thus, be used and needs for new classes of materials may be obviated thereby shortening the time to develop novel and better biomedical devices. Recent work has spurred a number of very interesting applications in the biomedical field. This review article concentrates upon the current status of these techniques, new applications, and achievements pertaining to biomedical materials research. Examples described include hard tissue replacements, blood contacting prostheses, ophthalmic devices, and other products. #

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“…Lack of bone-implant contact can induce micromotion and inflammation that leads to fibrous layer thickening, osteolysis, and implant loosening [2,13,29,37,48]. Previous studies [1,4,15,16,18,36] have shown that surface modifications such as plasma treatments, coatings, and composites can improve PEEK implant integration, yet many suffer practical limitations such as delamination, instability, and mechanical property tradeoffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Surface Porosity and Pore Size Influence Mechanical Properties and Cellular Response to PEEK?

Torstrick

Evans

Stevens

et al. 2016

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Despite its widespread use in orthopaedic implants such as soft tissue fasteners and spinal intervertebral implants, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) often suffers from poor osseointegration. Introducing porosity can overcome this limitation by encouraging bone ingrowth; however, the corresponding decrease in implant strength can potentially reduce the implant's ability to bear physiologic loads. We have previously shown, using a single pore size, that limiting porosity to the surface of PEEK implants preserves strength while supporting in vivo osseointegration. However, additional work is needed to investigate the effect of pore size on both the mechanical properties and cellular response to PEEK. Questions/purposes (1) Can surface porous PEEK (PEEK-SP) microstructure be reliably controlled? (2) What is the effect of pore size on the mechanical properties of PEEK-SP? (3) Do surface porosity and pore size influence the cellular response to PEEK? Methods PEEK-SP was created by extruding PEEK through NaCl crystals of three controlled ranges: 200 to 312, 312 to 425, and 425 to 508 lm. Micro-CT was used to characterize the microstructure of PEEK-SP. Tensile, fatigue, and interfacial shear tests were performed to compare the mechanical properties of PEEK-SP with injectionmolded PEEK (PEEK-IM). The cellular response to PEEK-SP, assessed by proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, vascular endothelial growth factor production, and calcium content of osteoblast, mesenchymal stem cell, and preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cultures, was compared with that of machined smooth PEEK and Ti6Al4V. Results Micro-CT analysis showed that PEEK-SP layers possessed pores that were 284 ± 35 lm, 341 ± 49 lm, and 416 ± 54 lm for each pore size group. Porosity and

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Surface analysis of chemically-etched and plasma-treated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for biomedical applications

Cited by 139 publications

References 15 publications

PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins

PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins

Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials

Do Surface Porosity and Pore Size Influence Mechanical Properties and Cellular Response to PEEK?

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