Surface Analysis Applied to Cold Rolled Steel Sheets

Measurement of Carbon on Cold-Rolled Steel: A Comparative Study Using Surface Analytical and Coulometric Methodologies

“…This discrepancy may be attributed to the presence of amorphous carbon. This would be consistent with past investigations where X-ray diffraction analysis of soot (elemental amorphous carbon resulting from the thermal cracking of organic tandem rolling oils in a reducing annealing atmosphere) on CRS samples revealed an amorphous carbon band (Iezzi and Leidheiser, 1981;Leroy et al, 1984). Even though some investigators have reported the formation of graphite during certain annealing conditions (Inokuti, 1975;Leroy et al, 1976), the annealing conditions used to produce these steels did not allow for the formation of surface graphite.…”

“…The ability to manufacture and prepare surfaces free from carbon-containing contaminants is important both technically and economically to a number of industries. Measuring the amount of carbon present on sheet steel surfaces is a widely recognized way of assessing steel surface cleanliness (Coduti and Smith, 1979; Coduti, 1980;Hospadaruk et al, 1978;Wojtkowiak and Bender, 1979;Fisher et al, 1980; Iezzi and Leidheiser, 1981; Leroy et al, 1984). The majority of surface carbon analysis methods reported in the literature consist of heating metal samples in the presence of O2, thereby converting the surface carbon to CO2, and measuring the amount of CO2 produced.…”