Surface-air mercury fluxes across Western North America: A synthesis of spatial trends and controlling variables

Eckley, Chris S.; Tate, Michael T.; Lin, Che‐Jen; Gustin, Mae Sexauer; Dent, Stephen; Eagles‐Smith, Collin A.; Lutz, Michelle A.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Wang, Bronwen; Gray, John Edward; Edwards, Grant C.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Smith, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.121

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Total Hg can enter ecosystems through wet deposition and plant uptake and be lost through evasion from the soil and plants (Eckley et al, 2016). It was not feasible to measure atmospheric exchange in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels

et al. 2018

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Few studies have considered how methylmercury (MeHg, a toxic form of Hg produced in anaerobic soils) production in rice ( L.) fields can affect water quality, and little is known about MeHg dynamics in rice fields. Surface water MeHg and total Hg (THg) imports, exports, and storage were studied in two commercial rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, where soil THg was low (25 and 57 ng g). The median concentration of MeHg in drainage water exiting the fields was 0.17 ng g (range: <0.007-2.1 ng g). Compared with irrigation water, drainage water had similar MeHg concentrations, and lower THg concentrations during the growing season. Significantly elevated drainage water MeHg and THg concentrations were observed in the fallow season compared with the growing season. An analysis of surface water loads indicates that fields were net importers of both MeHg (76-110 ng m) and THg (1947-7224 ng m) during the growing season, and net exporters of MeHg (35-200 ng m) and THg (248-6496 ng m) during the fallow season. At harvest, 190 to 700 ng MeHg m and 1400 to 1700 ng THg m were removed from fields in rice grain. Rice straw, which contained 120 to 180 ng MeHg m and 7000-10,500 ng m THg was incorporated into the soil. These results indicate that efforts to reduce MeHg and THg exports in rice drainage water should focus on the fallow season. Substantial amounts of MeHg and THg were stored in plants, and these pools should be considered in future studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels

et al. 2018

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“…GEM fluxes and concentrations at the soil-air interface were measured by the dynamic flux chamber (DFC) coupled with an automated Hg vapor analyzer Tekran 2537X (Tekran Instruments Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada) [18].…”

Section: Measurement Of Gem Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While for the soils under evergreen broad-leaf, shrub, and grass, the vegetation cover weakened photo-reduction and biological reduction reactions caused by the direct transmission of sunlight to the soil, and slowed down the formation and release rates of Hg (0) [41,42]. For the evergreen broad-leaf forest, the soil was covered by litterfall in winter, which could directly absorb Hg emitted from the soil, or fixed Hg by forming complexes with the humus in the decaying litterfall [18,43,44]. In this way, Hg emission from the soil was prevented, and the soil-air interface under the evergreen broad-leaf forest reached minimum in winter.…”

Section: Seasonal Dynamics Of Gem Fluxes At the Soil-air Interface Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Year Study on Mercury Fluxes from the Soil under Different Vegetation Cover in a Subtropical Region, South China

Sun

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In order to reveal the mercury (Hg) emission and exchange characteristics at the soil-air interface under different vegetation cover types, the evergreen broad-leaf forest, shrub forest, grass, and bare lands of Simian Mountain National Nature Reserve were selected as the sampling sites. The gaseous elementary mercury (GEM) fluxes at the soil-air interface under the four vegetation covers were continuously monitored for two years, and the effect of temperature and solar radiation on GEM fluxes were also investigated. Results showed that the GEM fluxes at the soil-air interface under different vegetation cover types had significant difference (p < 0.05). The bare land had the maximum GEM flux (15.32 ± 10.44 ng·m −2 ·h −1 ), followed by grass land (14.73 ± 18.84 ng·m −2 ·h −1 ), and shrub forest (12.83 ± 10.22 ng·m −2 ·h −1 ), and the evergreen broad-leaf forest had the lowest value (11.23 ± 11.13 ng·m −2 ·h −1 ). The GEM fluxes at the soil-air interface under different vegetation cover types showed similar regularity in seasonal variation, which mean that the GEM fluxes in summer were higher than that in winter. In addition, the GEM fluxes at the soil-air interface under the four vegetation covers in Mt. Simian had obvious diurnal variations.

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“…To improve estimation of mercury emission from natural sources, a global database of GEM flux from different land covers and geogenic sources could be developed, similar to those done by Ericksen et al (2006) and Hartman et al (2009). Another way to approach this would be to do a literature review and compile papers that have identified dominant mechanisms and developed algorithms that can be applied in models (Eckley et al, , 2016Hartman et al, 2009). Dominating factors include soil concentration of Hg, solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation (Briggs an Gustin, 2013).…”

Section: Mercury Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This synthesis identifies future research needs in atmospheric mercury science, based on a series of review papers, as well as recent developments in field data collection, modeling analysis, and emission assessments of speciated atmospheric mercury. Research activities are proposed that focus on areas that we consider important. These include refinement of mercury emission estimations, quantification of dry deposition and air-surface exchange, improvement of the treatment of chemical mechanisms in chemical transport models, increase in the accuracy of oxidized mercury measurements, better interpretation of atmospheric mercury chemistry data, and harmonization of network operation. Knowledge gained in these research areas will significantly improve our understanding of atmospheric cycling from local to global scales.

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Surface-air mercury fluxes across Western North America: A synthesis of spatial trends and controlling variables

Cited by 39 publications

References 92 publications

Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels

Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels

A Two-Year Study on Mercury Fluxes from the Soil under Different Vegetation Cover in a Subtropical Region, South China

A synthesis of research needs for improving the understanding of atmospheric mercury cycling

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