“…Oxygen has a significant influence on cutting mild steel and this is attributed to the reduction of gross adhesion of the chip at the rake face (Rowe and Smart 1963, 1964-1965, 1966-1967Rowe et al 1976). However, apparently anomalous effects have been noted when machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminium and copper, where oxygen seems to increase the cutting forces (Williams 1975;Wright et al 1979;Smart 1966-1967;Doyle et al 1979;Doyle and Horne 1980).…”
Section: Chapter 4 Utilisation Of Environmental Friendly Gaseous and mentioning
Air, oxygen and nitrogen are examples of environmental friendly lubricants in the gaseous state. Even at low pressures, they have strong influences on the cutting performance. However, as the cutting speed increases, the effectiveness of the gas lubricants attenuated. This has conventionally been attributed to the reduction in interface penetration and thus of intimate contact and adhesion between chip and tool. This chapter also provides a review of the advanced techniques supplying gaseous and vapours capable of prolonging tool life at high cutting speeds.
“…Oxygen has a significant influence on cutting mild steel and this is attributed to the reduction of gross adhesion of the chip at the rake face (Rowe and Smart 1963, 1964-1965, 1966-1967Rowe et al 1976). However, apparently anomalous effects have been noted when machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminium and copper, where oxygen seems to increase the cutting forces (Williams 1975;Wright et al 1979;Smart 1966-1967;Doyle et al 1979;Doyle and Horne 1980).…”
Section: Chapter 4 Utilisation Of Environmental Friendly Gaseous and mentioning
Air, oxygen and nitrogen are examples of environmental friendly lubricants in the gaseous state. Even at low pressures, they have strong influences on the cutting performance. However, as the cutting speed increases, the effectiveness of the gas lubricants attenuated. This has conventionally been attributed to the reduction in interface penetration and thus of intimate contact and adhesion between chip and tool. This chapter also provides a review of the advanced techniques supplying gaseous and vapours capable of prolonging tool life at high cutting speeds.
“…Oxygen has a significant influence on cutting mild steel and this is attributed to the reduction of gross adhesion of the chip at the rake face (Rowe and Smart 1963, 1964, 1966-1967Rowe et al 1976). Oxygen has a significant influence on cutting mild steel and this is attributed to the reduction of gross adhesion of the chip at the rake face (Rowe and Smart 1963, 1964, 1966-1967Rowe et al 1976).…”
Section: Utilisation Of Environmental Friendly Gaseous and Vapour In mentioning
“…Keyphrases 0 Tocainide-oral antiarrhythmic agent, study of metabolism, rats Metabolism-of tocainide, after oral administration in rats 0 GC-mass spectrometry-determination of metabolism of tocainide, rats Tocainide, 2-amino-2',6'-propionoxylidide (I), a structural analog of lidocaine (II), is an experimental antiarrhythmic agent, presently undergoing clinical trials (1-4). In humans, tocainide is completely absorbed following oral administration (5), and most of the orally or intraperitoneally administered dose, up to 15 mglkg, of tocainide is absorbed in rats (6). Kinetic studies carried out in rats revealed the presence of dose dependent elimination of tocainide 120 mg/kg (6).…”
Section: -Dimethylaminopyridine -mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pyridine is commonly used as a catalyst. Several catalysts more powerful than pyridine are now available, most notably 4-dimethylaminopyridine, which was developed by Steglich and Hofle (1-3) as a catalyst for synthetic acetylations, and has since been applied to analytical acetylations (4)(5)(6)(7). This study introduced N-methylimidazole as an analytical acylation catalyst (8)(9)(10)(11).…”
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