“…SnO 2 has become one of the most widely studied nanomaterials due to its unique properties [2,26]. The SnO 2 -WO 3 hybrid structure has received great attention because SnO 2 and WO 3 have different degrees of reaction to various redox gases, moderate resistivity, significant catalytic activity, high stability, low cost and unique gas-sensing characteristics [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. When an n–n type heterojunction is formed at the interface between SnO 2 and WO 3 , the Fermi levels of the two constitute materials across the heterojunction equilibrate to the same energy level leading to charge transfer and consequently the formation of a space charge region serving as the basis of the increase of sensor response [35].…”