Surdez Congénita ou Precocemente Adquirida: Do Rastreio ao Seguimento, um Retrato de Portugal

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital deafness or early acquired deafness affects 1 to 3 out of 1000 newborns without risk factors and 20 to 40 out of 1000 newborns with risk factors. The universal newborn hearing screening enables its early identification. Children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness have a higher prevalence of other conditions, especially ophthalmologic and neurodevelopmental ones, and at least 30% to 40% have at least one associated comorbidity.Material and Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional, multicenter study in which 83% (n = 30) of the hospitals/maternity hospitals of the National Health Service participated.Results: All surveyed hospitals/maternity hospitals routinely performed universal newborn hearing screening to all newborns before discharge; 63% referred children with risk factors for hearing loss to Otorhinolaryngology. All children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness are referred to: Pediatrics in 23% hospitals/maternity hospitals. In 23 hospitals/maternity hospitals, all children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness are referred to: Speech Therapy in 44% hospitals/ maternity hospitals; Ophthalmology in 17% hospitals/maternity hospitals; National System of Early Intervention in Childhood in 30% hospitals/maternity hospitals; 22% of hospitals/maternity hospitals refer all children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness, with no identified cause, to Clinical Genetics clinics. The number of diagnoses of deafness in the years 2014 and 2015 was 2.5 and 1.5 per 1000 newborns, respectively, in 15 hospitals/maternity hospitals.Discussion: Awareness of universal newborn hearing screening seems to be widely spread in the National Health Service. The number of children with SC / SPA, as well as the percentage of different types of deafness diagnosed, were identical to those found in other studies and shows its importance. The assessment / follow-up of these children by specialties other than the otolaryngology was heterogeneous in different health entities and revealed that not all children with risk factors for deafness follow up advised by existing standards.Conclusion: Results show that Portugal made an important path in the screening and follow-up of children with SC / SPA. It is important, with the ultimate aim of continually improving the care of these children, to reflect on the involvement of specialties other than otolaryngology, such as the National Early Childhood Intervention System in the follow-up of these children.

Uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do uso da tecnologia no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alunos surdos

“…Assim é primordial a inserção da tecnologia em uma instituição educacional inclusiva, de forma que possa haver uma aprendizagem de qualidade para o aluno. (Oliveira et al, 2018) No que se refere a alfabetização, pode-se encontrar diversas formas de trabalhar com as crianças usando as TICs, no entanto, é necessário saber direcioná-las para obter bons resultados, a vasta gama de informações presentes nesses meios precisa ser filtrada e analisada de acordo com os objetivos que se pretende alcançar. Para isso Primmaz (2015) incita o uso de tecnologia na escola, principalmente para alfabetizar crianças, pois para ele as TICs alinhadas a boas metodologias, contribuem bastante para que esse processo ocorra, porém, não basta ter que levar essas tecnologias para dentro da escola sem saber como usa-las, por isso ele defende a necessidade de profissionais capacitados para trabalhar com elas, e que não levem para a sala de aula apenas como um passa tempo e sim como uma ferramenta essencial para a aprendizagem dos alunos, principalmente na sociedade atual em que vivemos, onde esses são os meios que mais prendem a atenção das crianças.…”

The Ethics of Translational Audiology

“…These options depend on the site of the pathological changes (outer, middle, inner ear; brainstem or central auditory system) and on the degree of the hearing loss (mild, moderate, or severe) [ 8 ]. The National Health Service should support people who are hard of hearing and help to early detect hearing impairment [ 9 ]. This article focuses on deafness as a disease model and uses that model to discuss the ethical principles in translational audiology.…”