Sur la catégorie de genre grammatical en basque

Lafon, R

doi:10.3406/hispa.1947.3104

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The gender distinction in second-person familiar (hi) verb forms (Lafon 1943(Lafon , 1947(Lafon , 1951(Lafon , 1957(Lafon , 1959 is another notable feature of Basque. If the person marker of the verb corresponds to the second person argument hi, it is ergative or dative (unless realized by a prefix) and the addressee's gender is specified: -k is used for masculine and -n for feminine (see examples 2aand (2b)).…”

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Forms of address in Basque

Alberdi-Larizgoitia

2018

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The aim of this article is twofold: first, to analyze and characterize forms of address in present-day Basque from a linguistic and sociolinguistic point of view, and, second, to underscore some of the distinctive features that make Basque interesting with regard to address. This work characterizes forms and systems of address in Basque based on two main factors: second-person pronouns and allocutivity. Five types are proposed depending on dialectal variety, and the existing differences in each of these systems are described. This article aims to fill a gap in Basque studies by analyzing modes of address in present-day Basque as a whole and going beyond mere grammatical analysis: previous studies are rather partial and confusing in terms of linguistic description, dialectal distribution and social usage (hierarchy among modes of address); in contrast, this article, based on extensive field work, gives an account of the different address systems according to the dialect and shows the sociopragmatic value (i.e., level of formality or politeness and personal distance) that each mode of address acquires in its system. The article will also highlight some of the distinctive linguistic features that make Basque interesting with regard to address. Forms of address in Basque display strong similarities with those in other languages in terms of the pronominal system and its historical development, yet they also show some distinctive features, namely: verbal allocutivity, which presents the speaker-hearer axis; gender differences in verb forms for familiar address; and the grammaticalization of expressive palatalization in the case of the xu form of address (xu being an expressive variant of the polite pronoun zu). Current trends towards simplification of the systems of address are also discussed, as is the existence of groups of speakers who use a simplified system.

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Forms of address in Basque

Alberdi-Larizgoitia

2018

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“…(29). 420 [6] La compresividad original sujeta orgánicamente a la estructura de la frase constituye una de las más grandes dificultades del proceso de la percepción del habla vasca, tanto oral como escrita; así pues la oración española. Allí donde uno tiene el bien ( = la hacienda) se reduce en vasco hasta que se queden dos componentes: Non huna -liter.…”

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A propósito de la compresión vasca y la elipsis española

Zélikov

1993

Fontes

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En el presente artículo se estudió el problema de influencia vasca, como la lengua autóctona de la Península Ibérica, para la formación de ciertos modelos elípticos que representan uno de los medios expresivos de la sintaxis coloquial iberorrománica. Se pretende señalar que muchas particularidades de la elipsis sintáctica del español tienen correlaciones en la gramática normativa vasca.

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Mailegatze morfologikoa eta generoa euskaraz

Moyano

2019

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LABURPENA Mende luzetako ukipen azkarraren ondorioz, euskarak morfema sorta bat mailegatu die latinari eta inguruko erromantzeei. ‑o/‑a bukaeren araberako pareen mailegatzearekin barietate batzuek inflexiozko generoaren hastapenak garatu dituzten bezala, ‑sa atzizkiarekin ekialdeko euskara eratorpenezko genero bereizkuntzan abiatu da. Zuberoako euskara historikoaren corpusean funtsaturik, lan honen xedea da -sa-ren agerpen historikoa aztertzea eta iruzkintzea. Horrezaz landara, eta Euskaltzaindiak bide hori baztertu badu ere, egungo ekialdeko anitz euskaldunen artean ‑sa atzizkiak duen emankortasuna ilustratuko dugu. RESUMEN Como consecuencia de la prolongada situación de contacto lingüístico, el vascuence ha tomado préstamos morfológicos del latín y de las lenguas romances. Así como a partir del préstamo de pares acabados en -o y -a algunas variedades vascas han adquirido una incipiente distinción de género de tipo flexivo, con el sufijo -sa el euskara oriental se ha adentrado en una distinción de tipo derivacional. Basándonos en un corpus del suletino histórico, en este trabajo examinamos la atestiguación y el uso del morfema -sa. Además, mostraremos que para muchos hablantes de dialectos orientales el sufijo -sa mantiene su vigor como morfema productivo, pese a que la Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca lo haya desaconsejado. ABSTRACT Due to the long-term situation of intensive contact, Basque has borrowed a number of morphemes from Latin and Romance languages. Whilst certain varieties show an incipient inflectional distinction of gender as a result of the borrowing of lexical pairs ended in -o/-a, Eastern Basque has to a certain extent acquired a derivational gender distinction by means of the Romance-origin suffix -sa. Based on a corpus of historical Souletin, in this paper we analyse the occurrences of the morpheme -sa. Moreover, we will show that present-day Eastern Basque speakers continue to use -sa as a productive suffix, despite the fact that the Royal Academy of the Basque Language has advised against it.

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Sur la catégorie de genre grammatical en basque

Cited by 3 publications

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Forms of address in Basque

Forms of address in Basque

A propósito de la compresión vasca y la elipsis española

Mailegatze morfologikoa eta generoa euskaraz

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