Supraspinal locomotor control in quadrupeds and humans

Jahn, Klaus; Deutschländer, Angela; Stephan, Thomas; Kalla, Roger; Hüfner, Katharina; Wagner, Johanna; Strupp, Michael; Brandt, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00652-3

Cited by 123 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Accordingly, the impact of a vestibular, visual or somatosensory loss or perturbation decreases with increasing walking speed [3][4][5]12,24]. Functional imaging studies could further confirm that sensory cortex activity is decreased at faster walking modes [13,32]. Active sensory feedback control is therefore thought to be primarily necessary for balance control during slow locomotion, whereas internal feedforward commands from spinal central pattern generators are likely to dominate balance control at fast locomotion modes [33].…”

Section: Influence Of Noise-enhanced Vestibular Input On Dynamic Gaitmentioning

confidence: 97%

Noise-Enhanced Vestibular Input Improves Dynamic Walking Stability in Healthy Subjects

et al. 2016

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Section: Influence Of Noise-enhanced Vestibular Input On Dynamic Gaitmentioning

confidence: 97%

Noise-Enhanced Vestibular Input Improves Dynamic Walking Stability in Healthy Subjects

et al. 2016

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“…Using fMRI, Jahn et al 64 65 reported activation in the dorsal pons during MI of standing and activation in the mesencephalic and cerebellar locomotor regions during MI of walking and running. In healthy subjects, Jahn et al 66 also described lesser activation of the vestibular and somatosensory cortical areas during automated locomotion than during obstacle avoidance. Using MI of gait on a curved path, Wagner et al 71 observed greater activation in the striatum contralateral to the turn, as well as parahippocampal and fusiform gyri activation.…”

Section: Motor Imagery Of Locomotion In Cerebral Imaging: From Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging gait disorders in parkinsonism: a review

Maillet

Pollak

Debû

2012

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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Gait difficultiesdincluding freezing of gaitdare frequent and disabling symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes. They respond poorly to current medical and surgical treatments, making patient management very difficult. The underlying pathophysiology remains largely unknown. The late onset of levodopa resistance of Parkinson's disease gait abnormalities has been suggested to result from the progressive extension of the degenerative process to non-dopaminergic structures involved in locomotion, such as cortico-frontal and brainstem networks. Deficiencies in other neurotransmission systems, involving acetylcholine, serotonin or norepinephrine, have also been evoked. Neuroimaging tools appear well suited to decipher the cerebral substrates of parkinsonian gait disorders and their modulation by dopaminergic medication or deep brain stimulation. Here the main functional and metabolic neuroimaging studies aimed at identifying these cerebral networks are reviewed, in both healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients. After a brief overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of gait control, the methodology, main results and limits of the studies published to date are examined. The most promising methods to examine gait difficulties and their response to currently available treatments are then discussed.

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“…Cortical regions including PFC, SMA, and PMC, overlapping with the agency network described above and likely to be affected by the dual task, have also been identified to control volitional aspects of locomotion such as gait initiation, termination, and changes in direction or velocity during treadmill walking (Gwin et al 2011;Jahn et al 2008a;Miyai et al 2001;Suzuki et al 2004). Our original hypothesis therefore was that locomotion would be impaired by taxing cognitive resources but, owing to the supervisory role of PFC (see Yogev-Seligmann et al 2008), more generally and independent of delay.…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of Agency and The Locomotor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self in motion: sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms in gait agency

Kannape

Blanke

2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Kannape OA, Blanke O. Self in motion: sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms in gait agency. J Neurophysiol 110: 1837-1847, 2013. First published July 3, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.01042.2012.-Acting in our environment and experiencing ourselves as conscious agents are fundamental aspects of human selfhood. While large advances have been made with respect to understanding human sensorimotor control from an engineering approach, knowledge about its interaction with cognition and the conscious experience of movement (agency) is still sparse, especially for locomotion. We investigated these relationships by using life-size visual feedback of participants' ongoing locomotion, thereby extending agency research previously limited to goal-directed upper limb movements to continuous movements of the entire body. By introducing temporal delays and cognitive loading we were able to demonstrate distinct effects of bottom-up visuomotor conflicts as well as top-down cognitive loading on the conscious experience of locomotion (gait agency) and gait movements. While gait agency depended on the spatial and temporal congruency of the avatar feedback, gait movements were solely driven by its temporal characteristics as participants nonconsciously attempted to synchronize their gait with their avatar's gait. Furthermore, gait synchronization was suppressed by cognitive loading across all tested delays, whereas gait agency was only affected for selective temporal delays that depended on the participant's step cycle. Extending data from upper limb agency and auditory gait agency, our results are compatible with effector-independent and supramodal control of agency; they show that both mechanisms are dissociated from automated sensorimotor control and that cognitive loading further enhances this dissociation.

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Supraspinal locomotor control in quadrupeds and humans

Cited by 123 publications

References 41 publications

Noise-Enhanced Vestibular Input Improves Dynamic Walking Stability in Healthy Subjects

Noise-Enhanced Vestibular Input Improves Dynamic Walking Stability in Healthy Subjects

Imaging gait disorders in parkinsonism: a review

Self in motion: sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms in gait agency

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