Supraspinal influences on nociceptive flexion reflex and pain sensation in man

Miller, Jean Claude; Boureau, F.; Albé-Fessard, D

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90489-x

Cited by 216 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Starting from the bottom of the graphic, the scale was labeled one (sensory threshold), 25 (uncomfortable), 50 (painful), 75 (very painful), and 100 (maximum tolerable). Similar rating scales have been used in previous NFR studies (Willer et al, 1979;Chan and Dallaire, 1989;Page and France, 1997;Suchowiecki, 1999, 2001;Anderson et al, 2000), and individual pain ratings have been shown to correlate significantly (r = 0.58-0.95) with NFR thresholds (Chan and Dallaire, 1989;Porchet et al, 1990;Boureau et al, 1991;Dowman, 1991). In general, numerical pain rating scales have been shown to have high levels of reliability and validity in the assessment of pain intensity, and scores obtained from such scales can be treated as ratio data (Jensen and Karoly, 1992).…”

Section: Assessment Of Nfr-aftermentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The NFR is a polysynaptic spinal reflex subserving withdrawal from potentially noxious stimuli. Individual differences in the intensity of electrocutaneous sural nerve stimulation required to elicit the NFR provide indirect evidence of supraspinal modulation, with higher thresholds suggesting enhanced descending inhibition and lower thresholds suggesting decreased inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission (Willer et al, 1979;Kiernan et al, 1995;Danziger et al, 1998). For example, Willer et al (1979) reported that NFR was dampened during performance of a mental arithmetic task, and enhanced during anticipation of an intense noxious stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual differences in the intensity of electrocutaneous sural nerve stimulation required to elicit the NFR provide indirect evidence of supraspinal modulation, with higher thresholds suggesting enhanced descending inhibition and lower thresholds suggesting decreased inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission (Willer et al, 1979;Kiernan et al, 1995;Danziger et al, 1998). For example, Willer et al (1979) reported that NFR was dampened during performance of a mental arithmetic task, and enhanced during anticipation of an intense noxious stimulus. More recent studies have examined the effects of hypnosis on NFR (Kiernan et al, 1995;Danziger et al, 1998), and have demonstrated that hypnotic suggestion of analgesia results in strong NFR inhibition in some participants while others show reflex facilitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catastrophizing is related to pain ratings, but not nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

Al’Absi

Ring

McIntyre

2002

Pain

126

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Catastrophizing is reliably associated with increased reports of clinical and experimental pain. To test the hypothesis that catastrophizing may heighten pain experience by increasing nociceptive transmission through spinal gating mechanisms, the present study examined catastrophizing as a predictor of pain ratings and nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) thresholds in 88 young adult men (n = 47) and women (n = 41). The NFR threshold was defined as the intensity of electrocutaneous sural nerve stimulation required to elicit a withdrawal response from the biceps femoris muscle of the ipsilateral leg. Participants completed an assessment of their NFR threshold and then provided pain ratings using both a numerical rating scale (NRS) and the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Pain catastrophizing was assessed using the catastrophizing subscale of the coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ). Although catastrophizing was positively related to both NRS and SF-MPQ pain ratings, catastrophizing was not significantly related to NFR threshold. These findings suggest that differential modulation of spinal nociceptive input may not account for the relationship between catastrophizing and increased pain.

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Section: Assessment Of Nfr-aftermentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catastrophizing is related to pain ratings, but not nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

Al’Absi

Ring

McIntyre

2002

Pain

126

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“…Thus, it is difficult to attribute such NFR attenuation to distraction per se. Willer et al (1979) have also reported that mental arithmetic attenuated the NFR response. In contrast, other studies have shown that NFR responses were facilitated by a selective attention task (Bathien and Morin, 1972) whilst mental arithmetic reduced NFR thresholds Petersen et al, 2001) and facilitated nociceptive responding compared to rest.…”

Section: Supraspinal Modulation Of the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex-conmentioning

confidence: 90%

Nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in patients with hypertension and individuals at risk for hypertension

Edwards

Ring

Al’Absi

et al. 2007

Biological Psychology

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Supraspinal pain modulation may explain hypertensive hypoalgesia. We compared nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in hypertensives and normotensives (Experiment 1) and normotensives with and without hypertensive parents (Experiment 2). The game was selected to modulate activity in pain pathways. NFR thresholds did not differ between groups during rest or game play. Pain ratings never differed between hypertensives and normotensives, whereas individuals with hypertensive parents reported less pain during the first two NFR assessments, compared to those without. NFR thresholds and pain were reduced by game play compared to rest. The failure of game play to differentially modulate NFR thresholds or associated pain reports between groups argues against enhanced supraspinal modulation of nociception and pain in hypertensives and those at increased risk for hypertension.

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“…Supraspinal modulation of pain can comprise either the enhancement of nociception, known as descending facilitation (Willer et al, 1979), or the reduction of nociception, known as descending inhibition . Interestingly, the substrates and anatomical regions involved in facilitation and inhibition of nociception are often identical.…”

Section: Neural Substrates Involved In Siamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Analgesia

Tricklebank¹,

Curzon²

2013

Encyclopedia of Pain

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Abbreviations: SIA, stress-induced analgesia; FCA, fear-conditioned analgesia; GABA, Ȗ-aminobutyric acid; HA, high analgesia; LA, low analgesia; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; DNIC, diffuse noxious inhibitory control; PAG, periaqueductal grey; RVM, rostroventral medulla; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; CB 1 , cannabinoid type 1; CB 2 , cannabinoid type 2; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; AMPA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor; NK1, neurokinin 1; SP, substance P; 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; MGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; HPA, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone 3 ABSTRACT For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress-induced analgesia. These studies have revealed that individual sensitivity to stressinduced analgesia can vary greatly and that this sensitivity is coupled to many different phenotypes including the degree of opioid sensitivity and startle response. Furthermore, stress-induced analgesia sensitivity can vary a great deal depending on age, gender, and prior experience to stressful, painful, or other environmental stimuli. Stress-induced analgesia is mediated by activation of the descending inhibitory pain pathway.Pharmacological and neurochemical studies have demonstrated involvement of a large number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In particular, there are key roles for the HQGRJHQRXV RSLRLG PRQRDPLQH FDQQDELQRLG Ȗ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate systems. The study of stress-induced analgesia has enhanced our understanding of the fundamental physiology of pain and stress and has been a useful approach for uncovering new therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and stress-related disorders.4

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Supraspinal influences on nociceptive flexion reflex and pain sensation in man

Cited by 216 publications

References 16 publications

Catastrophizing is related to pain ratings, but not nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

Catastrophizing is related to pain ratings, but not nociceptive flexion reflex threshold

Nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in patients with hypertension and individuals at risk for hypertension

Stress-Induced Analgesia

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