Supramolecular Polymerization with Dynamic Self-Sorting Sequence Control

Molecular science entails the study of structures and properties of materials at the level of single molecules or small interacting complexes of molecules. Moving beyond single molecules and well‐defined complexes, aggregates (i.e., irregular clusters of many molecules) serve as a particularly useful form of materials that often display modified or wholly new properties compared to their molecular components. Some unique structures and phenomena such as polymorphic aggregates, aggregation‐induced symmetry breaking, and cluster excitons are only identified in aggregates, as a few examples of their exotic features. Here, by virtue of the flourishing research on aggregation‐induced emission, the concept of “aggregate science” is put forward to fill the gaps between molecules and aggregates. Structures and properties on the aggregate scale are also systematically summarized. The structure–property relationships established for aggregates are expected to contribute to new materials and technological development. Ultimately, aggregate science may become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform for academic research.

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“…Such materials would have great potential for application in signal detection, information storage, etc. [255][256][257][258][259]…”

Section: Multicomponent Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties

et al. 2020

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“…This strategy also allowed to assemble cationic hydrophobic monomers into supramolecular polymers by aromatic π‐stacking in the cavity of CB[8] [40, 41] . Since CB[8] can accommodate two flat guests in its cavity, ditopic compounds possessing two guest parts can produce either 1:1 complexes, 2:2 complexes, n : n supramolecular oligomers or polymers [42] depending on a balance of several factors such as molecular rigidity, angles between building‐blocks, linker length, or the number and distribution of cationic charges on the guest (Figure 2), the impact of which is discussed hereafter.…”

Section: Discrete Cucurbituril N:n Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligomeric Cucurbituril Complexes: from Peculiar Assemblies to Emerging Applications

et al. 2020

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Proteins are an endless source of inspiration. By carefully tuning the amino‐acid sequence of proteins, nature made them evolve from primary to quaternary structures, a property specific to protein oligomers and often crucial to accomplish their function. On the other hand, the synthetic macrocycles cucurbiturils (CBs) have shown outstanding recognition properties in water, and a growing number of (host)n:(guest)n supramolecular polymers involving CBs have been reported. However, the burgeoning field of discrete (n:n) host:guest oligomers has just started to attract attention. While 2:2 complexes are the major oligomers, 3:3 and up to 6:6 oligomers have been described, some associated with emerging applications, specific to the (n:n) arrangements. Design rules to target (n:n) host:guest oligomers are proposed toward new advanced host:guest systems.

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“…[8] The properties and the architecture of supramolecular assemblies are determined by the nature of individual components that can also be regulated by external stimulus due to the reversibility of noncovalent interactions. [9] Owing to the aforementioned advantages, supramolecular strategies have proven to be a meaningful tool in the construction of artificial supramolecular nanomaterials. [10] Diverse supramolecular therapeutic systems have been prepared by various methods, such as coordinated assembly, amphiphilic assembly, layer-by-layer coating, and host-guest interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials with Supramolecular Assembly Based on AIE Luminogens for Theranostic Applications

et al. 2020

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health concerns across the world. [1] Particularly significant is the effort directed toward the treatment of cancer, which has remained as one of the leading causes of rapidly growing morbidity and mortality rates for centuries. Among a number of significant advances achieved in this domain, cancer theranostics is one such advancement that allows the ingenious integration of accurate diagnosis with therapeutic intervention in a single formulation within spatial colocalization. This phenomenon has captivated the interest of researchers for the evaluation of the potential in fundamental studies and clinical application, [2] primarily due to the attribution of various intrinsic advantages to theranostics, including maximized therapeutic efficacy, optimized drug safety, and improved pharmacokinetics. [3] Notably, in comparison with the conventional therapeutic methods for cancers such as surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, [4] theranostics involves some burgeoning therapeutic strategies including photothermal therapy (PTT), [5] photodynamic therapy (PDT), [6] and gene therapy. It has become one of the most intensive areas of research during recent years due to high efficiency, minimal side effects, excellent tumor suppression, and non-invasive conversion. One of the major pursuits of biomedical science is to develop advanced strategies for theranostics, which is expected to be an effective approach for achieving the transition from conventional medicine to precision medicine. Supramolecular assembly can serve as a powerful tool in the development of nanotheranostics with accurate imaging of tumors and real-time monitoring of the therapeutic process upon the incorporation of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) ability. AIE luminogens (AIEgens) will not only enable fluorescence imaging but will also aid in improving the efficacy of therapies. Furthermore, the fluorescent signals and therapeutic performance of these nanomaterials can be manipulated precisely owing to the reversible and stimuli-responsive characteristics of the supramolecular systems. Inspired by rapid advances in this field, recent research conducted on nanotheranostics with the AIE effect based on supramolecular assembly is summarized. Here, three representative strategies for supramolecular nanomaterials are presented as follows: a) supramolecular self-assembly of AIEgens, b) the loading of AIEgens within nanocarriers with supramolecular assembly, and c) supramolecular macrocycle-guided assembly via host-guest interactions. Meanwhile, the diverse applications of such nanomaterials in diagnostics and therapeutics have also been discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges of this field are listed in this review.

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Supramolecular Polymerization with Dynamic Self-Sorting Sequence Control

Cited by 44 publications

References 74 publications

Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties

Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties

Oligomeric Cucurbituril Complexes: from Peculiar Assemblies to Emerging Applications

Nanomaterials with Supramolecular Assembly Based on AIE Luminogens for Theranostic Applications

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