Supramolecular lipid nanoparticles as delivery carriers for non-invasive cancer theranostics

Abstract

Nanotheranostics is an emerging frontier of personalized medicine research particularly for cancer, which is the second leading cause of death. Supramolecular aspects in theranostics are quite allured to achieve more regulation and controlled features. Supramolecular nanotheranostics architecture is focused on engineering of modular supramolecular assemblies benefitting from their mutable and stimuli-responsive properties which confer an ultimate potential for the fabrication of unified innovative nanomedicines with controlled features. Amalgamation of supramolecular approaches to nano-based features further equip the potential of designing novel approaches to overcome limitations seen by the conventional theranostic strategies, for curing even the lethal diseases and endowing personalized therapeutics with optimistic prognosis, endorsing their clinical translation. Among many potential nanocarriers for theranostics, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown various promising advances in theranostics and their formulation can be tailored for several applications. Despite the great advancement in cancer nanotheranostics, there are still many challenges that need to be highlighted to fill the literature gap. For this purpose, herein, we have presented a systematic overview on the subject and proposed LNPs as the potential material to manage cancer via non-invasive approaches by highlighting the use of supramolecular approaches to make them robust for cancer theranostics. We have concluded the review by entailing the future perspectives of lipid nanotheranostics towards clinical translation.

Advances in Antitumor Nano-Drug Delivery Systems of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin

“…However, when applied to deliver drugs, it is also found to suffer from instability, short half-life in vivo, and membrane leakage before reaching tumor sites. 291 To prolong the half-life of drugs, dendrimer-based NPs were chosen but were found to be time-consuming to produce, potentially cytotoxic and non-degradable. 292 When encountering insoluble drugs such as HCPT, cyclodextrins have often been chosen to increase the solubility of the drug, but cyclodextrin-based NPs were found to be easily and rapidly cleared in circulation.…”

Nanomedicine Penetration to Tumor: Challenges, and Advanced Strategies to Tackle This Issue

“…The aspects influencing poor penetration include the characteristics of nanoparticles and the biological barriers of tumors [ 40 ]. Therefore, efforts are made to rationalize the features of nanoparticles and regulate the tumor microenvironment to lessen the physical barriers, leading to improved tumor penetration.…”

Smart Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Recurrence is frequently possible because cancer may become resistant to therapies that formerly cured it successfully. 5 Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention are the first-line cancer treatments, 6 and they have continued to be the most effective methods for cancer treatment for the last several decades. Still, they have not been able to cure the disease entirely and have important limitations including low tumor selectivity, systemic toxicity, off-target toxicity, multidrug resistance, and serious adverse effects on human health.…”

“…Consequently, a single line of treatment cannot apply to all patients. Recurrence is frequently possible because cancer may become resistant to therapies that formerly cured it successfully …”

“…Recurrence is frequently possible because cancer may become resistant to therapies that formerly cured it successfully. 5 …”