Supramolecular Atropine Potentiometric Sensor

Abstract

A supramolecular atropine sensor was developed, using cucurbit [6]uril as the recognition element. The solid-contact electrode is based on a polymeric membrane incorporating cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) as an ionophore, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a solvent mediator, and potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate as an additive. In a MES-NaOH buffer at pH 6, the performance of the atropine sensor is characterized by a slope of (58.7 ± 0.6) mV/dec with a practical detection limit of (6.30 ± 1.62) × 10−7 mol/L and a lower limit of the linear range of (1.52 ± 0.64) × 10−6 mol/L. Selectivity coefficients were determined for different ions and excipients. The obtained results were bolstered by the docking and spectroscopic studies which demonstrated the interaction between atropine and CB[6]. The accuracy of the potentiometric analysis of atropine content in certified reference material was evaluated by the t-Student test. The herein proposed sensor answers the need for reliable methods providing better management of this hospital drug shelf-life while reducing its flush and remediation costs.

Atropine-Phosphotungestate Polymeric-Based Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Potentiometric Detection in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

“…A standard stock solution of atropine (1.0 × 10 −2 mol L −1 ) was prepared in deionized water and different working samples were prepared by serial dilution. Low-cost equipment, on the other hand, is utilized to test atropine including spectrophotometry [59], luminescence [60], electrochemiluminescence sensors [61], biosensor [62], voltammetry [63], and potentiometry [64]. These approaches, on the other hand, necessitate more time-consuming manipulation and costly chemicals.…”

“…In the meantime, potentiometric methods based on PVC sensors or electrodes have emerged as a viable alternative due to key advantages over those methods such as low expense and quick analysis time with high selectivity in a variety of matrices [65]. The reported methods for atropine are based on the use of atropine-ion pairs or ion-exchangers as electroactive materials such as atropine-reineckate [66], atropine-phosphotungstate [66], atropine-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-borate [64] are used for the determination of atropine based on the exchange equilibrium. As a result, neutral ionophores such as cyclodextrin [67], phosphorated calixarene derivatives [68], and valinomycin [69] look to be better characteristics with regard to the selectivity and linearity.…”

An Ion Selective Electrode Construction Based on Phosphomolybdic Acid for Atropine Sulfate Detection

“…Based on the sparingly solubility of atropine salts, some of ISEs are made, such as Atropin‐tetraphenylborate, atropinereineckate, [19] atropine‐phosphotungstate, [20] atropine‐tetrakis (4‐chlorophenyl)‐borate, [21] or simply potassium tetrakis‐[3,5‐bis‐(trifloromethyl)‐phenyl] borate [22] . This enables potentiometric performance that based on the exchange equilibrium process between the electrode and the sample solutions [23] . In another way, the neutral ionophores, such as β‐cyclodextrin, [24] phosphorated calix, [25] arene derivatives, [26] or valinomycin, [27] atropinium 5‐nitrobarbiturate liquid membranes, [28] are taken into account to achieve better sensor performance, concerning especially the selectivity as well as a wide linear response.…”

Development of Ion‐selective Electrodes for Tropane, Atropine, and Scopolamine – A Concept for the Analysis of Tropane Alkaloids

“…Beside the large number of chromatographic publications, several ISE concepts for the detection of tropane derivatives or cocaine are described in literature [19]. For the electrochemical detection of atropine and scopolamine different potentiometric systems with detection limits in the low μM range are described [20]. These limits can be increased down to 1 nM by the utilization of other techniques and more complex sensing systems [21].…”